English III Final
Terms
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- Voice
- is that form of inflection which indicates the manner of action expressed via whether the subject of the preterit construction/verb form performs or acts or recieves the action expressed by the verb in the preterit.
- Active Voice
- is that voice which is more vigorous and more direct, in this form the subject performs the action expressed by the verb in the predicate; as stated above, both transitive and intransive verb forms appear in the active voice.
- Passive Voice
- is that voice in which the subject receives the action of the verb form in the predicate. only transitive verb forms may be passive. Passive voice predicate constructions always have a form of the verb 'to be' as a helping verb and often has a 'by' construction with the 'doer' of the actions expressed.
- fact
- proven or excepted truth
- opinion
- a belief not resting on absolute certainty or proof but on what seems true, valid, or probable; it is a judgement
- essay
- written expression of an author's opinion
- essaier
- meaning an attempt
- thesis
- an author's opinion boiled down to one arguable statement/sentence.
- noun
- that of speech which names/identifies a person, place, thing, idea, object, quality or condition, weight or quantity of something, measure, action in the sense of its performance, state(such as death), occurence ,and sense of impression. sub-classes: Commom/Proper, Concrete/Abstract, Collective/Compound
- pronoun
- that part of speech which takes the place of a noun or a noun equilvant. Sub-classes are RIP DRIPI.
- Verb
- that part of speech which makes a statement, asks a question, give a command, or expresses a state of being or existence.
- Adjetive
- that part of speech which modifies a noun or a noun equivalent. Answer: Which? What kind? How many? How much?
- Adverb
- is that part of speech that modifies a verb, adj, or another adverb. Answers: When? Where? Why? How? To what extend/ to what degree? Under what condition/ circumstances? In what manner?
- Preposition
- that part of speech that shows relationships; used iwht a noun, pronoun, or the equivalent in the objective cas, the preposition and its object forma phrase which then functions as an adjective or an abverb. Thus, the realtionship is between the preposition and its obeject and the words modified.
- Conjunction
- that part of speech which joins/connects words, phrases, and clauses. sub types: coordinating, subordinating correlative
- Interjection
- that part of speech wihc shows strong feelings or emotion
- Phrase
- a group of related words containg a noun, pronoun, or the equivalent or a verb or verb phrase -- not both -- and functioning as one part of speech. Types : Prepositional, verbal, gerund, infinitive, appositive, and verb
- Clause
- a group of related words containing a subject and a predicate; if the clause expresses a complete thought, it is an independent clause or a sentence, but if it does not, it is a subordinate clause
- Simple Sentence
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one IC
NO SC - Compound Sentence
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two or more IC
no SC - Complex Sentence
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one IC
Two or more SC - Compound-Complex Sentence
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Two or more IC
Two or more SC - Subject
- that part of a sentence about which a writer/speaker makes a statement or expresses a state of being of what a writer/speaker asks a question or gives a command, "What the sentence is about"
- Predicate
- that part of a sentence which makes a statement, asks a question, gives a command, or expresses a state of being. Will be in verb or ver case.
- Direct Object
- that part of a sentence wihci relates to the transitive active voice predicate and answers 'what?' or whom? after thepredicate. It will be a noun, pronoun, or noun equivalent
- objective Complement
- that part of a sentence which follows some direct objects and adds additional info. to complete the direct object. It will be a noun, pronoun, or noun equivalent, or a adjective form. These usually appear after verb forms which mean name, elect, appoint, consider, or verbs which mean the same.
- Indirect Object
- that part of a sentence wich relates to a transitive active voice predicate and precedes its direct object to answer "to whom/for whom?" of "to what or for what?" it will be a noun, pronoun, or noun equivalent.
- Predicate Adjective
- that part of the sentence which usually follows a linking predicate and describes or modifies the subject. As a subject complement, it will be an adjective or the equivalent
- Predicate Nominative
- that part of the sentence whic follows a linking predicte and remanes ot means the same thing as the subject. It will be anoun, a pronoun, ot the equilant in the nominative case.
- Inflection
- the change in a word-- change in the meaning and use
- Syntax
- sentence structure, orderly arrangement or parts of speech
- Idioms
- unusual sayings
- Colloquilisms
- expression used in everyday conversation
- nominative
- for subjects or predicate nominatives: I, he, she, we, they, who, whoever
- Possessive
- to show ownership or possession ofr before most gerunds: my, mine, his, hers, their, our, whose, whosever
- Objective
- for an object: do, io, op, me, him, her, us, them, whom, whomever
- Ambiguous Reference
- multiple possible anteccents
- General References
- general, not specific anteccents
- Weak Reference
- antecedents is only in the writer's mind
- Indefinite Reference
- occurs with it, they, and you
- Indicative
- for a statement of fact, opinion, or a question
- Imperative
- for a direct command or request
- Subjunctive
- for a wish, suggestion, necessity/recommendation, condition contrary to fact
- Regular Verbs
- form/make their past and past participal forms by adding -ed,-d or -t to the base/infinitive form of the verb
- Irregular Verbs
- formal make their past and pst particial forms in one of three ways 1.a change in a letter, usually a vowel 2. a change in the ntire form of the word. 3. no change
- transitive Verb
- are action verbs which require receives/to complete their meanig
- Intransitive Verbs
- are action verbs which require no recievers to complete their meaning
- Linking verbs
- are those which connect or link a sentence's cubject to a predicate adjective or a predicate nominative. Forms of the word to be are oftenlinking verbs.
- Mood
- form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb. 3 mood: indicitive, subjunctive, imperative.
- Modal
- a hepling verb that joins with a main verb to express an attitude toward the action or state ot being of the main verb
- Tense
- a verb indicates the time of the action or of the state of being expressed by the verb
- Progressive Form
- expresses a continuing action or state of being
- appositive
- a noun or a pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or descride it
- Antecedent
- the word a pronoun stands for