Child Development Exam 3
Terms
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- Define Semantics
- 2 component of language; involves vocabulary - the way underlying concepts are expressed in words and word combinations
- Define Grammar
- 3rd component of language; consists of 2 main parts the syntax (rules of which words are arragned into sentences) and morphology(the use of grammatical markers that indicate number, tense, case, etc)
- What is the Behaviorist perspective on language?
- Its through operant conditioning. They imitate and then reinforce.
- Whats the language acquistion device?
- an innate system the permits them, as soon as they have acquired sufficient vocabulary, to combine words into grammatically consistent, novel utterances and to understand the meaning of sentences they hear.
- Define joint attention
- Child attends to the same object or event as the caregiver
- Development of language interatction in the first couple months
- in order for infants to further their speech, they must hear human speech.
- Effects of learning a second language
- have better analytical reasoning, improved concept formation, greater cognitive felxibility, enhanced reading achievement
- Overextension
- applying a word to a broader collection of objects and events than is appropriate.
- Underextension
- they may apply words too narrowly
- Overregularization
- Application of regular grammatical rules to words that are exceptions
- Coining
- Children discover more specialized wording such as adding -er
- Telegraphic Speech
- Children's two word utterances, that like a telegram, leave out smaller and less important words
- Syntactic Bootstrapping
- Children discover many word meanings by observing how words are used in syntax, or the structure of sentences.
- Metaphors
- metaphors they use are based largely on concrete, sensory comparisons.
- Fastmapping
- children can connect a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter