World History Chapter 31
Terms
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- Appeasement
- France was demoralized, suffering from political divisions, and couldn't confront Germany without Britain's help. Britain didn't want to confront Germany; These are the reasons that we adopted a policy of __ against Hitler.
- 18 months
- How long did it take the Allies to push up the Italian peninsula?
- 2 Years
- At the same time as the Battle of the Bulge, 1944, Germany was under round-the-clock-bombing for how long?
- Nationalists
- In 1936 Francisco Franco led a revolt that touched off a civil war; Fascists and supporters of right-wing policies rallied to his forces; what were they called? S
- Tokyo Bay, Missouri
- On August 10th the emperor stepped in and forced the government to surrender; September 2nd, 1945 where was the peace treaty signed? What was the ship's name?
- Indonesia
- In 1940, Japan advanced into French Indochina and Dutch East Indies; what are they called now?
- Operation Sea Lion
- Hitler orders the invasion of Britain in 1940, when it is the only Allied power left in Western Europe; For a month, they bomb London for 57 days, but London didn't collapse; What was the invasion of Britain operation called?
- Iron Curtain
- A state of tension and hostility among nations, without armed conflicts between major rivals; Stalin wanted to spread communism everywhere and create a buffer zone against Germany; Roosevelt and Churchill rejected the ideas, making him promise "free elections" in his country, but he ignored; Churchill described Soviet "control of Eastern Europe as a __ __ dividing the continent; In the west, it became a symbol of Cold War;
- Experiment, future destruction
- To the Nazis, what was Guernica considered? To everyone else, what did it show?
- Battle of Stalingrad
- One of the costliest of the war; Hitler was determined to take the namesake city; Germany surrounded the city, and then Russia encircled the attackers; Soldiers would fight for 2 weeks over 1 building; Germany surrendered in 1943; What is this called?
- US
- December 11 1941 - Who enters the war?
- Stalingrad
- Hitler launched a new offensive in 1942, because they were stalled outside Moscow and Leningrad; he aimed for oil rich fields, but only got to what city in Russia?
- Up to 75 million, Soviet Union
- How many casualties in World War II were there? What single country had the worst casualties, with more than 22 million dead?
- Slavs, Gypsies, and mentally ill
- Besides the Jewish, who else Hitler target?
- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, part of Finland
- During the winter of 1939, Stalin pushed into 3 Baltic States. What were they? They also seized a part of a country.
- The Great Depression
- In the democratic governments, US and Britain increased political power; directed economic resources into war effort, and rationed consumer goods; On the positive side, what did all of this bring an end too?
- Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
- Japan expanded across Asia and Pacific; What did it create to help Asians escape western colonial rule, but the real goal was to expand Japan's empire?
- the Philippines
- By May 1942, where did Japan gain control of?
- 1936
- What year did Spain enter civil war?
- Appeasement
- Western democracies denounced his moves, but no real action was taken. Instead they adopted a policy of what?
- The Warsaw Pact
- How did Soviet Union respond to the formation of NATO in 1955? It included USSR and 7 satellite alliances;
- Manchuria, League of nations, withdrew
- Japanese military leaders and ultranationalists thought that Japan's empire should be equal to those of the western powers; what did they seize in pursuit of this? Who condemned them? What did they do about that?
- 1941 and 1942
- Axis armies pushed into N. Africa and Balkans; 1940, Mussolini sends his colony Libya to get Egypt; Hitler sent him a commander, Rommel; What years did he have successes?
- Loyalists
- The group opposing Franco during the civil war made up of communists, socialists, and supporters of democracy. What were they called?
- Britain
- By 1940, who was the only Allied power left in Western Europe?
- Bataan Death March
- What was it called when the Japanese forced 10,000 Filipino soldiers on a 68-mile march?
- Sicily
- In 1943, British and America began the invasion of Italy; What city did they land it first?
- Nuremberg
- The Allies agreed Axis leaders should be tried for "crimes against humanity"; 177 Germans and Austrians were tried, 142 were guilty; a handful received death sentences, and similar war crime trials were held in Japan and Italy; What city were the ones for Austrians and Germans held in?
- Solomon Islands, island hopping, Battle at the Midway
- The United States took the offensive against Japan under MacArthur's command; US Marines landed in the Guadalcanal; what group of Islands is the Guadalcanal on? What campaign did MacArthur start? By 1944 under Admiral Chester Nimitz, was blockading Japan and US Troops poured into Japan. What was the name of this battle?
- Luftwaffe
- What is the German air force called?
- Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler, Mussolini
- Publicly, the pact bound them to peaceful relations; secretly they agreed not to fight if the other went to war and to divide up Poland and E. Europe evenly. What pact is this? Who signed it?
- Battle of the Coral Seal
- In June 1942, US warships and airplanes severely damaged Japanese fleets during what battle?
- 1935
- Ethiopia beat Italy in 1896 at the Battle Adowa; What year does Italy invade, in revenge of that battle?
- Containment
- What was the Truman Doctrine rooted in the idea of? First approached by American statesman, George Kennan;
- Russian Winter
- Hitler unleashed a new blitzkrieg and in 2 months captured the cities of Moscow and Leningrad; What held Hitler off, and killed soldiers?
- 1918 Treaty of Versailles, Vichy
- Germany attacked France headed south, and so did Italy; In 1940, what did Hitler avenge? Where did he set up a puppet state in France?
- Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary
- Italy invades Greece in 1940, meeting resistance; Germany sends troops in 1941, and 4 more countries were added to the axis powers. Which ones?
- Miracle of Dunkirk
- British forces were trapped between water of the English Channel and the Nazis; Britain sent merchant ships, naval vessels, fishing and pleasure boats to pick up troops on the beaches of France; what is this event called?
- Guernica
- German bombers dropped bombs in 1937 on a small Spanish market town; What was the city's name?
- Liberal
- 1931 popular unrest forced the king to leave Spain, so the republic set up what kind of constitution?
- Poland
- 1939 Nazi forces storm into what country, revealing the power of his blitzkrieg?
- Neutrality Acts
- What acts do the United States pass that forbade the sale of arms to any nations at war, traveling on ships of warring powers, and outlawing loans to warring nations; the goal was to avoid involvement; What are these acts called?
- Sudetenland
- At first, Hitler insisted that 3 million Germans be given autonomy in the western region of Czechoslovakia; what is this region called?
- The Berlin Airlift
- Stalin's resentment triggered a crisis over Berlin; in 1948, Stalin tried to force Allies out of Berlin by sealing off all entrances to the city; responded to the blockade by mounting a round-the-clock airlift, for more than a year; What was this called?
- 1936
- What year did Italy conquer Ethiopia?
- Lend-Lease Act
- In 1941, FDR persuaded Congress to pass an act allowing him to sell or lend war materials to a country "whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US." This becomes the "arsenal of democracy". What were the acts called?
- Spread of Soviet communism
- What was worse to Britain and France at that time: the Spread of Soviet communism, or the German dictator breaking the Treaty of Versailles?
- Catholic, landowning upper class, military
- Who dominated Spain's monarchy?
- Poland, Britain and France
- 1 Week after the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Germany invades what country? Who declares war on Germany?
- Nazi-Soviet Pact
- In 1939, Hitler and Stalin released a pact. What is it called?
- 6 million, Holocaust
- How many Jewish people died? What is known as now?
- Eastern China
- In 1937 where did Japan overrun a lot of?
- June 6, 1944 D Day
- In 1944, the Allies could open a second front in Europe; Eisenhower was made supreme Allied commander; To prepare the way, allied bombers flew over Germany, targeting factories, aircrafts, and cities; After midnight Allied planes dropped paratroopers behind enemy lines, by dawn thousands of ships carried troops over, and clawed their way into Normandy, than Paris; What was the exact start date? What was this battle called?
- Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- Mid-1945 almost all of Japan's navy and army voice were destroyed; in two battles, they showed they'd rather fight to death than surrender; what were the Islands?
- Concentration Camps
- To make the genocide of the Jewish an accomplished goal, what did Hitler build in places like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Treblinka?
- Alamogordo New Mexico
- Where was the first atomic bomb successfully tested in the United States?
- Truman Doctrine
- To deal with threat of communism, Truman abandoned the usual isolation, and took a leading role on the world stage; Truman issued a doctrine that said "I believe that it must be the policy of the US to support people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures" What does this policy become known as?
- Dictators
- Who challenged world peace by taking aggressive action but only met verbal protests and pleas for peace from democracies?
- Rhineland
- In 1936, Hitler sent his troops into the "demilitarized area" bordering France, violating the treaty. What is that area called?
- Aryans
- Who was the master race to Hitler?
- Battle of El Alamein
- In Egypt, The British general Montgomery stopped Rommel's advance; This drove Axis' back into Libya across Tunisia; What was this battle called?
- Genocide
- By 1941, German leaders devised plans for the "Final solution of the Jewish Problem" and started what?
- West, 1 month
- Germany attacked from which direction? The Soviet Union attacked the other way; How long did it take for Poland to no longer exist?
- Slavs
- What were Hitler's steps to gain "living space" for Germany in Eastern Europe; Who did he take land from?
- August 6 1945 Hiroshima
- President Truman met with allies in Potsdam, Germany to meet; they warned Japan to surrender, and they didn't; What day did an American plane drop an atomic bomb? What city? Instantly killed 70,000
- Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
- Who were the big three created in 1942?
- Japanese, 40 years later
- In the US and Canada, what citizens were forced into interment camps after governments decided they were a security risk? When did the countries apologize?
- 2 1/2 years, food
- In 1941 the siege of Leningrad begins; how long is it? What was rationed, leading to 'jellied meat' and wallpaper consumption?
- United Nations
- April 1945, a group of people meet to draft a charter for a future group in San Francisco; What is the name of this group? Each member has 1 vote;
- Battle of the Bulge
- Allies into Belgium in 1944 faced a battle for more than a month; The battle delayed Allied success, and was Hitler's last success; What is this battle called?
- Eastern Europe
- Immediately after Stalingrad, the Red Army took offensive and drove the Nazis out of Soviet Union; by early 1944, where were Soviet troops advancing into?
- Munich Conference
- Czechoslovakia was 1 of 2 democratic powers left when Hitler invaded, but still Britain and France didn't go to war to save it; They held a conference in 1938 where Hitler got Sudetenland without a fight, and assured them he had no further plans to expand; what was this conference called?
- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
- What power agreed to fight Soviet communism and not to interfere with each others' plans for expansion? (3 cities)
- Hitler, Mussolini
- Who sent arms to help Franco?
- May 8 1945 V-E Day
- Officially, the war in Europe ended: what is the name and date?
- The Marshall Plan
- Postwar hunger and poverty make W. Europe perfect for communist ideas; to strengthen democracy in their minds, United States offered a massive aid package; US funneled food and economic assistance to help countries rebuild; What is this plan called?
- Soviet Union
- 1941 Hitler embarks on Operation Barbarossa. Which country is he invading?
- Belgium
- Allies advanced into what country by 1944, after France?
- World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization
- The UN goes beyond peacekeeping, but also faces world problems - outbreak of disease, improving education, protect refugees, and aiding nations; What are 2 agencies of the UN that have provided aid for millions around the world?
- Britain, France, US
- The Soviet Union dismantled factories and other resources in Germany's occupation zone and used them to help rebuild Russia; What countries decided to unite their zones of occupation, encouraging Germans to rebuild businesses and industries? (3 alpha)
- The Arms race, "Balance of Terror"
- In the Cold War, the US had the advantage at first, so Stalin got scientists to develop a nuclear bomb of their own and in 1949 what race began? What did this create, according to Churchill?
- Anglo-American
- In 1942, General Dwight Eisenhower joint what kind of force in Morocco and Algeria?
- Berlin
- March of 1945, Allies crossed Rhine and into w. Germany; Mussolini had been executed, and Hitler commits suicide in what German city?
- Moscow
- Germany became divided: west - the democratic nations allowed people to write their own constitution and regain self-government; in east-Germany, the Soviet Union installed communist tie to which Russian city?
- Jobs of women during WWII
- Built ships, planes, produced munitions, and staffed offices; auxiliary roles - driving trucks, ambulances, delivering airplanes, decoding messages, assisting at antiaircraft sites: what do these all have in common with each other?
- Nagasaki
- August 8th, Soviet declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria; still Japanese leaders didn't respond; The next day, where did they drop the 2nd atomic bomb, killing more than 40,000 people?
- The Phony War, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium
- December 1939, the French and British waited by the Maginot line; April 1940 Hitler launches a blitzkrieg against 2 countries; He then attacked 2 more. What was the name of this 'battle' and what were the 4 countries that Hitler took over?
- Mussolini overthrown
- What happened around the time that the British and Americans invaded Italy?
- Appeasement
- In March of 1939, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia; What did the democracies finally accept was not working?
- December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
- 1940 Japan advances into French Indochina and Dutch East Indies; to stop them, US banned the sale of war materials to Japan, which made General Hideki of Japan angry; What action did General Hideki take on the US to get back and what exact date?
- Preserve Order
- To form his Anschluss, Hitler forced the Austrian leader to appoint Nazis to key posts; When the Austrian leader said no to other demands, Hitler sent in the Germany army to do what?
- Japan
- After D-Day, where did the Allied powers turn their attention too?
- Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in Japan
- "Asia for Asians" - Said who, where?
- Atlantic Charter
- In 1941 Roosevelt and Churchill met on a warship; they issued a charter which set a goal to finish Nazi tyranny; what was the name of the charter?
- League of nations, sanctions
- The king of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie appealed to whom for help? What action did they take?
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Tensions grew and in 1949, United States, Canada, and 9 other countries formed a new military alliance; they promised to help if 1 of them was attacked; What was the name of the alliance?
- Security Council
- In the United Nation, there's a smaller body of United States, Russia, Britain, France, and China; they can veto any decision; What is this smaller group called?