Child Psych
Terms
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- Clear Cut
- (6-8mos to 18mos -2 years): begin to display separation anxiety
- Self Concept
- is the individuals self precieved idea of ourselves (dynamic develop mentally)
- Language Acquisition Support System
- how we activate LAD
- Formation of a reciprocal relationship
- (18 mos to 2 years +): rapid growth in representation and language permits toddlers to understand some of the factors that influence the parent's coming and going to predict her return
- Slow to Warm up Child
- Child is inactive, shows mil, low key reaction to environment stimuli, in mood an d adjust slowly to new experiences
- Protodeclarative
- making people notice what they are holding
- Social Smile
- children smile when they see others smile happens about six months
- Preconventional level
- accept the rules of authority and actions judged by consequences. Behaviors resulting in punishment are viewed as badand reward is good
- Nativist Perpective
- unique human trait that was developed in our brain
- Joint attention
- attention to same object as caregiver
- Child Directed Speech
- form of communication made up of short sentences with high-pitched, exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of different concepts.
- Protoimperative
- get a person to do something for them
- Behaviorist Perspective
- Like other behaviors its acquired through operant conditioning
- B.F. Skinner (1957)
- Created Behaviorist Perspective
- Sounds
- Cooing, Babbling, First Words
- Kohlberg's Stages of Morality
- Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
- Interactionist Perpective
- Language Acquisition Support System
- Emotional display rules
- specific when, where and how it is appropriate to express emotion
- Most Common Feedback
- its common for adults to provide feedback indirectly: ways to inform the child about conventional usage while keeping the conversation going
- Langauge Acquistion Device
- Innate system that allows children that aquired sufficient vocabulary to combine words into grammatically consistant and understands meaning of others sentances
- Attachment
- Strong affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that lead us to feel pleasure when we interact with them to be comforted by their nearness during times of stress
- Imination
- learning langauge from hear others say
- Two Word Stage
- recurrences, attribute, Possessive, Agent & Actions
- Preattachment Phase
- phase (birth to 6 weeks): Built in signals-grasping, smiling, crying and gazing into adult's eyes help bring newborns closer to human contact
- underextention
- 1 to1 relationship with an object
- Piaget's Moral Development
- Heteronomous, Autonomous
- Self esteem
- is how we evaluation of self concept (fairly stable)
- Sympathy
- Feelings of concern of sorrow for another's plight
- Self Concept and Early childhood
- Talk about concrete things (likes and Looks) (one dimenssional)
- Phonoeme
- The smallest sound unit that signals change of meaning, like between to consonant "pa" and "ba"
- basic emotions
- sad, happy, angery, fear, interest
- Postconventional levels
- Indiviuals at the postconventional level more beyond unguestioning support for the rules and laws of their own society. They difine morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situation and societies
- Attachment in the making phase
- (6 weeks to 6 to 8 mos): Respond differently to a familiar caregiver than to a stranger
- Functionalist Appoach
- emphasize that the broad function of emotions is to energize behavior aimed at attaining personal goals
- Heteronomous
- age 5 to 10 years, view rules as handed down by authorites, outcome is what matters
- Noam Chomsky
- 1957 created the Nativist Perspective
- Autonomous
- (10 to 11 and up) Rules are made to work together in society, following the spirit the law, not the written law
- Self Concept and Adolesence
- more complex rakes many more aspects (multi-dimenssional)
- Disorganized
- Babies were in daze did not know what to do
- overextention
- thinks everything is an object
- Anxoius/Ambivalent Attachment
- Exploration not great even when mother is around, distressed when mother leaves, happy when reunited
- Shaping
- Reinforcement that develops the child to what they want
- Conventional level
- Individual continues to regard comformity to social rules as important, but not for reasons of self-interest. Rather they believe that actively maintain the current social system ensure positive relationship and social order
- Phase of Attachment
- Preattachment phase, Attachment in the making phase, Clear cut, Formation of a reciprocal relationship
- Ethological Theory of Attachment
- Recognizes the nfant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evloved responce that promotes survival
- Indirect Feedback
- Recasting and Expansion
- Pre-Speech
- Joint attention, Protodeclarative, Protoimpertive
- Grammical Morpheme
- small markers that change the meaning of sentences.
- self conscious emotions
- involves injury to or enhancement of our sense of self (embarressment, guilt, envy, and pride)
- Avoidance Attachment
- Little or no distress when mother leaves, when united avoids contract with mother
- Temperament
- Stable indivdual differneces in reactivity and self regulation
- overregularization
- over use of a morphological rule on words it does not apply to
- Strange Situation
- Seperated of child from mother, strange enviroment, interested in reunioned and exploration behaviors
- Easy Child
- Child quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences
- Empathy
- ability to detect different emotions, to take anothers emotional perspective, and respond emotionally in the same way (about age 2)
- Recasting
- reconstructing inaccurate speech into correct form
- Nouns
- Underextention, Over-extention, Overgeneralization, holophrases
- Different Child
- Irregular daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences and treds to react negatively and intensily
- Secure Attachment
- (12 months) 65% of babies use mothers as a secure base of exploration, when united with mother was with positive reactions
- Expansion
- elaborating on children's speech, increasing its complexity
- Operation Conditioning
- Behavior increases with reinforcement and decreases with no reinforcement or punishment