Teaching Students With Language And Communication Disabilities

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SPEECH CAN BE DEFINED AS...: SPEECH CAN BE DEFINED AS THE NEUROMUSCULAR ACT OF PRODUCING SOUNDS THAT ARE USED IN LANGUAGE.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE LANGUAGE WITHOUT SPEECH? EXPLAIN ANSWER.: YES, THE BEST EXAMPLE IS AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE (ASL)AS IT CONTAINS ALL THE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE.
1. COMMUNICATES
2. HAS A SHARED CODE
3. HAS ARBITRARY SYMBOLS
4. IS GENERATIVE
5. CREATIVE
DEFINE LANGUAGE.: LANGUAGE IS A RULE-GOVERNED SYMBOL SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING MEANING THROUGH A SHARED CODE OF ARBITRARY SYMBOLS.
DEFINE COMMUNICATION.: COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS PARTICIPANTS USE TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION AND IDEAS, NEEDS AND DESIRES. COMMUNICATION NEEDS FOUR ELEMENTS; A SENDER OF THE MESSAGE, A RECEIVER OF THE MESSAGE, A SHARED MEANING TO COMMUNICATE AND A SHARED METHOD OF COMMUNICATION.
WHAT IS ASHA?: AMERICAN SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION, WHICH IS THE PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE SPECIALISTS.
WHAT IS A LANGUAGE DISORDER?: A LANGUAGE DISORDER IS IMPAIRED COMPREHENSION AND/OR USE OF SPOKEN, WRITTEN, AND/OR OTHER SYMBOL SYSTEMS.
INVOLVES PHONOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, SYNTAX,SEMANTICS, AND PRAGMATICS IN ANY COMBINATION.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PERVASIVE/LIMITED AS RELATED TO LANGUAGE DISORDER.: PERVASIVE CAN HAVE MANY CHARERACTERICS WHILE LIMITED HAS FEW.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DISORDER/DIFFERENCE AS RELATED TO LANGUAGE DISORDER.: A DISORDER CAN BE IN THE RATE AND TIMING OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND IN CERTAIN ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE (SYNTAX, SEMANTICS ETC.) CAN BE MILD(USING METAPHOR IN WRITING)TO SEVERE (NO SPOKEN LANGUAGE.)DIFFERENCE IS THE USE OF NON DOMINANT DIALECT OR LANGUAGE.EXAMPLE: ESL
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DELAY/DEVIANCE IN TERMS RELATED TO LANGUAGE DISORDER.: DELAY IS THE LATE ONSET OF DEVELOPMENT, LAGGING RATE OF ACQUISITION AND/OR FINAL LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY BELOW NORMAL LEVEL. DEVIANCE IS THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SEQUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OR IN THE STRUCTURES ACQUIRED. EXAMPLE: CHILD DOESN'T TALK FOR 3YRS AND THEN BEGINS OR AUTISM AND ECHOLIA.
DEFINE DYSPHASIC: DYSPHASIC IS THE LOSS OR DEFICIENCY IN THE POWER TO USE OR UNDERSTAND LANGUAGE AS A RESULT OF INJURY OR DISEASE.
DEFINE DYSLEXIC.: DYSLEXIC IS HAVING PROBLEMS WITH ACQUIRING AND PROCESSING LANGUAGE THAT IS MANIFESTED BY A LACK OF PROFICIENCY IN READING, SPELLING, AND WRITING.
DEFINE DYSNOMIC.: DYSNOMIC IS LANGUAGE DYSFUNCTION CHARACTERIZED BY THE INABILITY TO NAME PEOPLE AND OBJECTS. LESIONS IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE.
WHAT IS EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE?: LANGUAGE THAT IS SPOKEN,WRITTEN OR EXPRESSED WITH SYMBOLS.
WHAT IS RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE?: THE COMPREHENSION OF LANGUAGE.
EXAMPLES OF A LANGUAGE DISORDER.: ECHOLIA,AND DYSNOMIC.
NON EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS.: ESL OR A PERSON WITH A HEAVY ACCENT.
IF A PARENT SAYS TO YOU, "DO YOU THINK SAM (MY 6-YEAR-OLD CHILD)SHOULD HAVE SPEECH THERAPY?" HOW WOULD YOU RESPOND?: I WOULD ASK HOW THE SPEECH PROBLEM AFFECTING SAM OR OTHERS.
GIVE THE 1ST OF 4 CHARACTERTICS OF CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS.: ASCB 1.ACADEMIC: RELUCTANCE TO CONTRIBUTE TO DISCUSSION, DIFFICULTY IN ORGANIZING IDEAS, RECOGNIZING PHONEMES,PRODUCING SOUNDS, FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS AND FINDING CORRECT WORD FOR THINGS.
GIVE THE 2ND OF 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS.: ASCB. SOCIAL INTERACTION: RELUCTANCE TO INTERACT WITH OTHER CHILDREN,EXCLUSION OR REJECTION BY OTHER CHILDREN, DIFFICULTY CARRYING ON A CONVERSATION, OR PROBLEMS NEGOTIATING RULES OF GAMES.
GIVE THE 3RD OF 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS.: ASCB. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING: DIFFICULTY ORGANIZING INFORMATION FOR RECALL, SLOW RESPONDING, AND INATTENTIVENESS.
GIVE THE 4TH OF 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS.: ASCB. BEHAVIOR: HIGH LEVEL OF FRUSTRATION, FREQUENT ARGUMENTS, FIGHTING WITH PEERS, AND WITHDRAWING FROM INTERACTION.
DEFINE PHONOLOGY.: PHONOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF THE SOUND SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE.
DEFINE PHONEMES.: PHONEMES ARE THE SMALLEST UNIT OF SOUND IN LANGUAGE THAT CAN SIGNAL A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING. EXAMPLES:
CAT IS C/A/T
MILK IS M/I/I/K
BREAD IS B/R/E/D
* IN WRITING PHONEMES USE / /(slashes)
HOW MANY PHONEMES ARE THERE IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE?: 45
GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF PHONEMES THAT OCCUR IN OTHER LANGUAGES BUT NOT IN ENGLISH.: THE ROLLED R IN SPANISH. EXAMPLE: "RICO"
THE U IN GERMAN. EXAMPLE; "ACHT"
DEFINE MORPHOLOGY.: MORPHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF WORDS AND HOW THE ARE FORMED.
DEFINE MORPHEMES.: MORPHEMES ARE THE SMALLEST UNIT OF "MEANINGS IN LANGUAGE. EXAMPLE: "BASE" IS A MORPHEME, AS IT CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PIECES WHILE RETAINING ITS MEANING.
DEFINE "FREE MORPHEME" AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE.: A FREE MORPHEME CAN STAND ALONE AS A WORD OF MEANING. EXAMPLES: "BASE" OR "BARN"
DEFINE A BOUND MORPHEME AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE.: A BOUND MORPHEME CANNOT STAND ALONE AND HAS MEANING ONLY WHEN ATTACHED TO ANOTHER MORPHEME. EXAMPLE: "PRETEXT" OR "SNOWING"
DEFINE SYNTAX.: SYNTAX IS THE STUDY OF THE RULES OF HOW WORDS ARE PUT TOGETHER TO FORM SENTENCES.
DEFINE SEMANTICS.: SEMANTICS IS THE STUDY OF THE MEANING OF WORDS.
CREATE A SENTENCE THAT IS SYNTACTICALLY CORRECT BUT VIOLATES SEMANTIC RULES.: "THE NEVER MARRIED WIDOWER DANCES VERY WELL."
DEFINE PRAGMATICS.: PRAGMATICS IS THE RULES THAT GOVERN THE SOCIAL USE OF LANGUAGE FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION AND IS THE USE OF LANGUAGE FOR EXPRESSING COMMUNICATION.
DEFINE "INDIRECT SPEECH" AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE.: INDIRECT SPEECH IS AN UTTERANCE FOR WHICH THE SYNTAX DOES NOT MATCH THE COMMUNICATION. "I NEED MY HAT."
DEFINE "DIRECT SPEECH" AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE.: dIRECT SPEECH IS THE COMMUNICATION INTENT THAT IS REFLECTED IN SYNTAX FORM. "PLEASE STOP DRAWING ON THE WALL!"
DEFINE SPEECH AND GIVE EXAMPLES AND NON-EXAMPLES.: SPEECH IS THE ACT OF PRODUCING SOUNDS THAT ARE USED IN LANGUAGE.
EXAMPLES: CLICKING IN SOME LANGUAGES AND BABBLING. NON-EXAMPLES: CLAPPING AND SMILING
DEFINE LINGUIST.: A LINGUIST IS A PERSON THAT IS ACCOMPLISHED IN LANGUAGES.
DEFINE ECHOLALIA.: ECHOLALIA IS THE REPEATING OF STATEMENTS W/O MEANING. EXAMPLE: AUTISM
DEFINE ARTICULATION.: ARTICULATION IS THE PRONOUNCING OF SPEECH SOUNDS.
DEFINE MISARTICULATION.: MISARTICULATION IS THE MISPRONOUNCING OF SPEECH SOUNDS.

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