School Counseling Comprehensive Exam
Terms
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- 5 steps of counseling interview
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1. Initiating
2. Gathering Data
3. Mutual Goal Setting
4. Working
5. Terminating - Patterson\'s 3 stages of Counseling
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Relationship- build trust(story)
Move toward exploring clients self (possitve asset)
Goal setting/make plan (restory) - 3 V\'s of Attending and B
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Visual eye contact
Vocal qualities
Verbal tracking
Body language - Respect autonomy
- have an open mind and be flexible to decisions
- beneficience
- want to help the client
- non maleficence
- \"dont make them worse\", know your limits
- Counseling is a process that leads to change in:
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behavior
beliefs and values
level of emotional stress - stages of counseling
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Initial disclosure
in depth exploration
committment to action - Initial Disclosure
- empathy, genuiness, attendingskills, pos regard, trust
- In depth exploration
- help client aware of problem, diagnosis nature of problem
- Committment to action
- how to accomplish goals, make decisions and start taking action
- Core conditions of Counseling
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empathy
genuiness
unconditional pos. regard
concreteness
- DCT emotional stages
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Sensorimotor emotional style
Concrete operational emotional
abstract formal operational
abstract dialectic/systematic - sensorimotor emotional style
- client is there emotion, but cannot name the emotion
- concrete emotional
- client is present, can name emotions
- Abstract formal operational
- do not have to be living in the moment, able to reflecton feelings
- abstract dialectic/systematic
- analyze emotions and emotions will change depending on context
- Basic Listening sequence
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Attending
questioning
observation skills
encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizeing
reflection of feelings - cognitive restructing
- changing the way they think
- effective focus
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change the way they feel
- behavioral focus
- change the way they act/behave
- Confrontation Impact Scale
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Denial
partial examination
acceptance
generate new solutions
development of new constructs and patterns - Denial
- see\'s no problem, denies it
- partial examination
- knows there is a problem but fails to consider it
- acceptance and recgonition
- no change or resolution
- generate new solution
- puts things together in a new way
- development of new constructs
- client recognizes, works on it, generatesnew thought patterns to cope and resolve issue
- 6 stages of readiness for change
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precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintance
termination - precontemplation
- denial, no problem
- contemplation
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not ready for change
- preparation
- ready to take action
- action
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move to change, needs more help
- maintence
- already achieve goal
- termination
- no further counseling
- Open questions
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questions that cant be answering in a few words
begin with what, how, why or could
facilitate deeper exploration - closed questions
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can be answered in a few words or sentences
often begin with is are do
enable you to obtain important specifics - encouraging
- a variety of verbal and nonverbal means used to prompt clients to continue talking
- paraphrasing
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feeding back to client the essense of what they have just said
shortens and clarifies clients comments
use some of your own words plus important main words they used - summarizing
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used to clarify and distill what the client has said over a longer time span
organize thinking about what is happening in interview - confrontation
- noting conflicts and discrepancies in clients and feeding these back by use of attending skills
- focusing
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focusing on various aspects:
individual focus
other focus
main theme or problem focus
family focus
mutuality focus
interviewer focus
cultural/environmental focus - reflection of meaning
- concerned with finding the deeply held thoughts and feelings underlying life experience
- Interpretation/Reframe
- Provide the client with an alternative frame of reference from which to view life situations and generate new stories
- Logical consequences
- enables the client to look at the possible results of alternative actions
- self disclosure
- requires the interviewer to share their own story, thoughts or experienes brefly
- feedback
- provides accurate data on how the client is seen by others and or interviewer
- information/advice
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complex of skills presents new information and ideas to the client
examples: career information, results from test scores, information regarding sex - directives
- leads the client to follow strategies and actions suggested by the interviewer, which may help in restorying or in taking concrete actions on issues and problems