Campbell
Terms
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- Berlin Conference
- Conference where Europeans divided up Africa, set rules regarding to colonization, didn't involve Africans
- Suez Canal
- connects the Red sea and the Mediterranean sea so you wouldn’t have to travel all the way around Africa, many different western countries wanted to control the area around the suez canal
- hejira
- Pilgramige from Mecca to Medina, made by Muhammad
- koran
- written works of islam
- Jinnah
- becomes leader of Pakistan
- nehru
- Becomes leader of India
- Pakistan (context of indian independence)
- Pakistan formed when India gained independence so the muslims and hindus could be separated. Conflict was so great that separated the two groups.
- east india trading company
- formed foundation for British colonialism in India. paved way to colonizaiton.formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China.
- Siddhartha Gautama
- Buddha, Founder of Buddhism
- 5 pillars of islam
- Haj Prayer 1 god Alms Fasting
- nirvana
- free from suffering and the cycle of rebirth
- Tripitaka
- “Three Baskets of Wisdomâ€): Buddhist scriptures
- mecca
- holy city of Islam; where Muhammed was banned from for teaching monotheistic religious views
- karma
- determines if you are closer to achieving moksha, is a reflection of your actions in your previous life
- David Livingston and Morton Stanley
- lewis and clark of africa
- jingoism
- Nationalism, but is extreme. More like a feeling of superiority, taking action
- gold and salt trade (in the context of ancient Africa):
- gold and salt were resources traded by ancient African civilizations. they helped said civilizations grow and gain wealth
- European (especially British) efforts to end the slave trade (in the context of African colonization)
- protestant missionaries wanted to end slavery, europeans wanted possession of raw materials (industrial revolution)
- Amristar Massacre
- british indian army open fire on an unarmed group of men, women and children, strengthened the independence movement, brought other countries on their side, but did not retaliate violently, remained nonviolent
- Mansa Musa (Mali empire):
- Spread Islam throughout Africa, brought trade and wealth and created an empire, close ties with middle east
- "white man's burden"
- Racist poem, saying that it is the white man's job to bring civilization to Africa
- ganges river
- -a river in China that causes dangerous and potentially deadly flooding which leads to the creation of the Three Gorges Dam. Also i think many civilizations developed around it
- Fashoda Incident
- England and France conflicting in colonization territory, settled it but once again did not involve Africans
- Kashmir
- Pakistan, India, or on own? Highly debated and fought for
- confucianism
- rules based off of sayings by Confucius
- daoism
- want to find natural way, few rules
- legalism
- people need rules, strict rules
- feudalism
- loyalty in exchange for land or power
- silk road
- trade route that was used in Asia; main trade product obviously
- mandate from heaven
- is a sign to mark the begining of a leader's rule or an ending; for example, a river flooding would be the ending
- Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan
- Mongols ruling China, another example of people who live in a place not ruling themselves, like the british and french mandates.
- civil service system (in chinese dynasties)
- is a civilian public sector employee working for a government department or agency. The term explicitly excludes the armed services, although civilian officials will work at "Defence Ministry" headquarters. The term always includes the (sovereign) state's employees; whether regional, or sub-state, or even municipal employees are called "civil servants" varies from country to country.
- great wall of china
- showed China dynasty's strength
- oracle bones
- used to predict future, read cracks in bones
- forbidden city
- served as the home of the Emperor and his household, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government; the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty
- taiping rebellion
- Rebellion of peasants, showed empires crumbling
- Opium War and the Treaty of Nanjing
- In India, sold to China o Balance in trade shifted because now China was importing products instead of exporting o Economy was disrupted, China losing money · Qing dynasty tried to stop British from trading opium o British wouldn’t stop trading (was helping their economy) o Chinese sunk a boat brining opium to China · Britain revolted with war Treaty of Nanjing · British told China how they were going to behave o Had to pay for the opium that sank o Had to open up ports for opium trade o Gave British rights to send in missionaries to convert people to Christianity o Extraterritoriality
- spheres of influence
- Colony like situations, other countries came in and took over areas controlling the trade and having extraterritoriality § Extraterritoriality: ú People can live in another country (ex: British in China) and follow their homeland’s laws (British follow British laws instead of Chinese)
- boxer rebellion
- Chinese karate people rebel against Westernism, lose b/c vs guns
- open door policy
- anyone can come in and colonize
- Sun Yixian (Sun Yat Sen) and the “Three Principles of the Peopleâ€
- "Father of Modern China", capitalist, “Three principles of the People†o NATIONALSIM! § Unity (which China didn’t have at the time†o Democracy o Livelihood § Economic opportunity ú Make sure people get what they need economically
- Jiang Jieshi
- took Sun's place when died tried to kill of communists (which led to Long March) fled to Taiwan
- nationalist party
- non-communism, fled after communist reign began
- Mao Zedong
- Communist China, started Red Guard
- Long March
- Long retreat, about 100,000 communists retreated as they were attacked Jiang Showed equality to peasants and farmers Took care of villages that they marched through
- Red Guard
- Youth of China spreading communism
- chinese civil war
- War-Between mao and capitilist parties
- great leap forward
- Tried to unify China but also set ridiculously high standards for farm production
- cultural revolution
- Mao's attempt for the communist party to take over china and end the historical china and lead to a more modern china, without foreign influences
- Tibet
- West china where Buddhism main religion, disputed territory
- Tiannamen Square Uprising
- Young Chinese students were protesting against communism, were for democracy. the chinese communist party came with tanks and guns and attacked the protesters. thousands of students were there, and people all over the world saw the incident
- Taiwan
- Disputed territory, where china's capitalists fled
- maoism
- Communism became more of a worship of Mao than a form of government. following of Mao and his beliefs
- one child policy
- People of China only allowed one child because of large population
- three gorges dam
- located in Chian; world's largest dam; highly desputed due to economical and political reason
- “Peaceful rise†(in the context of China’s economic and foreign policy)
- want to rise without conflict, rising fast, economic rise instead of military, want to rise quietly but hard b/c so fast
- ziggurats
- sumerian temple, steps, for gods
- city states
- larger than a village, smaller than an empire. own independent government, ruled by high priests
- code of hammurabi
- eye for an eye, laws, ordered society
- shiite muslims
- the smallest sect of Muslims; only decesdants of Muhammed can be the next prophet
- sunni muslims
- the largest sect of Muslims; any Muslim follower can be the next prophet
- mesopotamia
- - means between rivers, area between the Euphrates and Tigris river, in the Fertile Crescent
- ottoman empire
- Muslim empire, fell, both allies and central powers wanted it
- cuneiform
- ancient form of writing, used clay and stylus, was used in Sumer
- fertile crescent
- area around the Euphrates and Tigris river, is fertile, many civilizations emerged
- sumer
- ancient middle eastern society
- Babylon
- one early Mesopotamian empire, Hammurabi and his revolutionary ideas/thoughts/customs,
- persian empire
- bureaucracy/civil service legal system roads weights, measures, currency
- Nebuchadnezzar
- -ruled the Babylonian Empire in the 1100s BC. His death causes the Chaldean Empire to crumble and fall 30 years after his death.
- tigris and euphrates
- abundant in resources so civilizations developed around it
- abraham's covenant
- Israel is promised land, Jews chosen people
- David & Soloman
- David unified Israel and built Jerusalem and started building Temple
- Torah
- written work of judaism
- Diaspora
- Jewish people left Israel and dispersed throughout the world
- canaan
- Original name of Israel, promised land
- Allied Powers in WWI
- France, Britain, against Germany.
- British & French Mandates
- (temporary control) didn't think it was right for unorganized gov't to just go free increased anti-westernism
- Balfour Declaration
- British announcement for British territoritory Jewish people should have the state AND Palestinians should not have the rights to their lands violated contradiction became a problem in 1940
- muslim brotherhood
- Arab nationalism, anti-westernism
- zionism
- jewish pride
- palestine
- Palastinian land was taken to create Israel, want it back
- jihad
- Islamic view to spread the faith; sometimes peaceful sometimes violent; 911 attacks, controversial 6th pillar
- fixed mindset
- -when you believe that people are born with the ability to either be great or poor at a skill and you cannot work to change that.
- open mindset
- when you believe that you are capable of learning to become better at something (i.e. school, sports, etc.)