Art. of Conf./The Constitution
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- Goals of the Articles of Confederation:
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1. States join in a firm friendship
2. States keep their freedoms
3. Congress is the ruling body - Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
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1. Congress cannot pass tax laws
2. Congress cannot control trade.
3. No executive or judicial branches - What caused Shays' rebellion?
- Farmers were angry over unfair state tax laws. If they couldn't pay, they were imprisoned and lost their land.
- Northwest Territory
- Land around the Great Lakes gained from the British at the end of the Revolutionary War.
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787
- Ordered how new territories could become states. Ordered no slavery in the Northwest Territory.
- During the Constitutional Convention, Federalists wanted:
- a strong central government
- During the Constitutional Convention, Antifederalists wanted:
- a central government that could not pass laws unfair to the people.
- Constitution
- A document outlining how a government will be run
- Three branches of government
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Legislative - makes laws
Executive - enforces the laws
Judicial - interprets the laws - Separation of powers
- Dividing the powers of a government among more than one part to keep any one part from becoming too powerful
- Bill of Rights
- A list of citizens' rights which cannot be taken away by the government. Promised by Federalists.
- Federalist Papers
- A collection of essays which explained the Federalists' reasons for a strong central government.
- Great Compromise
- In Congress, number of representatives would be based on each state's population. Each state would have two senators.
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- 3 out of 5 slaves would be counted for tax payments and determining number of representatives.
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1. Original purpose of Constitutional Convention:
2. Actual accomplishment: -
1. Revise the Articles of Confederation to strengthen the government.
2. Created a new government. -
How many of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution?
Ratify means... -
9 out of 13
to approve. -
The new Constitutional government began in what year?
In what city? -
1789
New York City - First president
- George Washington...duh!
- Group of advisors whom George Washington chose to run the departments of the executive branch
- Cabinet
- What caused political parties to emerge?
- People had differences of opinion on how the government should be run.
- Whose ideas led to the first two political parties in the U.S.?
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Thomas Jefferson - Democratic-Republicans (people's govt.)
Alexander Hamilton - Federalists (strong govt.) - Pierre L'Enfant
- Hired to design the nation's capital city
- Washington, District of Columbia was named after
- George Washington...double duh!!
- Which president made a deal with France for the Louisiana Purchase? For how much?
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Thomas Jefferson
15 million U.S. smackers - The Louisiana Territory included which lands?
- All lands drained by the Mississippi River system.
- Three reasons for the Lewis and Clark Expedition:
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1. Search for water route to the Pacific
2. Make friends with the Native Americans
3. Explore the land - Three reasons to start the War of 1812:
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1. British navy was stealing men and cargo from U.S. ships
2. British army was helping the Native Americans fight U.S. settlers
3. Take over Canada - Why do we call the "U.S.S. Constitution" by the nickname of "Old Ironsides"?
- During a battle with the British, their cannonballs seemed to bounce off her sides.
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Name the national anthem.
Who wrote it?
Why? -
"Star-Spangled Banner"
Francis Scott Key
The survival of Fort McHenry after a British bombardment - What did the War of 1812 prove to the world?
- The U.S. would defend her lands and citizens.