history The first civilizations
Terms
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- Homo Sapien
-
all humans belong to this species
"thinking human beings"
evolved about 400,000 thousand years ago - Homo Habilis
-
humanity originated in this form
"skillful human being"
about 2 million years ago in Africa - Homo Erectus
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immediate predecessor to Homo Sapien
emerged 1.5 million years ago
area of doubt and controversy - Clan
- extended family
- Tribe
- further extension of the family
- Kinship Group
-
group of family
kin nuclear family - Paleolithic Revolution
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beginning of man to 11,000
old stone age
age of stone tools
food gatherers - Mesolithic Revolution
-
began around 8000 BC and was limited to northwestern europe
10,000 to 7,000 BC
Water, fish and travel
crude canoes
not nomadic
domestication of animals
bow and arrow
revolution-implies dramatic action over a short time - Neolithic Revolution
-
10,000 7,000 BC
In around 11,000 BC people turned from gathering and hunting food to producing food
most imp event in human history
the rise of agriculture is the neolithic revolution
new stone age
feeding of larger populations - How/Why did the Paleolithic people developrevolution
-
1. domestication of plants and animals
2. Invention of fire
3. Improved technologies tools, weapons
4. Language and communication - Mesopotamia
- Land between the Tigris and Euphrtes rivers home of early civilization
- Neolithic Revolution-what were the earmarks of a society
-
the start of a society
cities
cities/trade centers
economic specialization
common bonds of language, writing
fertile soil
easy domestication of animals
permanent settlements - Sumerians
-
ancient country of western asia
approximately to babylonia of biblical times - Lugal
- king
- Patterns of Development or stages of societies
-
come to terms with their environmen
division of labor by sexes
increase in population drove the need for an increase in food supply
thus agriculture was born
storage of food became a task for the community
social cooperation and social control grew next with a need to protect the land they depended on
sometimes this occured through negotiation and sometimes WAR - bronze age
-
the time in the development of any culture
befor the introduction of iron
when most tools and weapons were made of bronze - Ur
-
the ancient city of Mesopotamia
capital of Sumer - Uruk
- ancient settlement in Mesopotamia on the site of present day al warka iraq
- polytheism
-
belief in the existence of manu gods or divine beings
it has been widespread in human curlures past and present - Ziggurat
-
temple tower
the principal form of religious edifice in ancient mesopotamia
dedicated to deities
ziggurats were built from the 4th milennium BC - sexagesimal
-
relating to or based on thr number 60
based on 60 - cuneiform
-
used in ancient writing
term applied to a mode of writing utilizing wedge shaped strokes, inscribed mainly on clay - cuneus
- wedge
- script
-
writing method of human intercommunication
any system of characters used in writiting - Language
- communication with words
- Gilgamesh
-
the epic of gilgamesh
his quest for immortality
recounts the adventures of Gilgamesh
king of ancient city of Uruk mesopotamia - Sargon
-
Akkadian king who for the first time in Mesopotamian history
unite the ancient lands of Sumer and Akkad - Ur-Nammu
-
founder of the 3rd dynasty of Ur
Akkad revival under Ur-Nammu
reigned from 2113 to 2095
successful military leader - Hammurabi
-
King of Babylonia
18th century BC
greatest ruler in the first babylonian dynasty
code of hammurabi - Theocracy
-
government by god
community governed by god - anthropomorphic
- attribution of human characteristics to nonhumans
- Anu
-
mesopotamian mythology
one of the senior deities of mesopotamia
revered as a lord by the sumerians anu known as an - Encil of Nippur
-
city in babylonia on the euphrates river
in sumerian time, it was a religios center - economic Specialization
- jobs become specialized in the development of a society
- Social Stratification
- different levels of people