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us hist ch. 28

Terms

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Truman's Fair Deal
By President Truman; continued many of FDR's New Deal initatives; not very successfful because Truman isn't as politically skilled as Roosevelt
Dixiecrat Party
Formed when Conservative Southern Democrats did not like Truman's party's support of civil rights; they broke off and formed the dixiecrat party; ran Strom Thurmond for president
Henry Wallace
Ran for president with a new Progressive Party; the left wing of Truman's party abandonedTruman and joiend with Wallace
Nixon's "Checkers Speech"
Nixxon successfully defends himself when there are accusations about him that he had a secret slush fund
Eisenhower's views before leaving office:
(Republican of 1920s, pro-business) He swarned against the power of the military-industrial complex = private companies thatsupply weapons for military. Said that this was the greatest danger to US, not communism.
Sputnik
A soviet Satellite. Announced that it had successfuly rbited the earth. Challenged American confidence
National Defense Education Act 1958
Created by US in response to the creation of Sputnik. To adequately prepare a future generation of scientists and technicians
McCarthyism
Dark moment of Cold War when there was a hysterical fear of Communism and a constant fear of being accused of communism
Federal Employee Loyalty Prgroam 1947
Initiated by Truman to investiage federal employees for communist ties; also to quiet Republican critics who accused Truman of being soft on communism
McCarren Internal Security Act 1950
Passed by Congressional Republicans when they didn't hink Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Progrma went far enough. Made it a crime to plan for the replacement of the US government with dictatorship
The Houes Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigated many facets of American society, most notably the entertainment industry
Hollywood Ten
Group of movie directors, actors, and writers who refused to cooperate and were jailed for suspcions of communism. They tried to ressist HUAC. 1947
Alger Hiss
State Department employee who was accused of spying for the Soviet Union 1948. Convicted on perjury and sent to prison.
The most famous spy case:
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg: accused of passing atomic secrets to the Spies. Executed in 1953
Joseph McCarthy
Republican Senator who said that he had a list of State Department emplyees who were Communists 1950. Started the McCarthyism scare. Went overboard when he opened investigations against the Army (1954), Senate passed a censure motion against him in 1954
William Levitt
Applies mass production techniques to housing, building communities of nearly identical houses on former agricultural land near big cities.
The first Levittown was built on:
Long Island, NY
G.I. Bill 1944
Provided low interest loans to would-be homeowners
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
Built 1000s of miles of interstate highways and faciliated the commute from suburb to city
"white flight"
After WWII, many white families were alarmed to find blacks as neighbors so they moved to the suburbs
"redlining"
Some communities prohibited selling homes to blacks
Dr. Benjamin Spock's "Common sense Book of Baby and Child Care"
Encouraged women to devote themselves full time to mothering
Betty Friedan
Early feminist who challeneged notions of gender; book "The Feminime Mystique" 1963: critiqued the situation society created for women
Paul Goodman's "Growing Up Absurd" 1960
Critqued the expected roles for young people
C. Wright Mill's "The Power Elite" 1956
Examined the methods used by the "ruling class" to dominate society
Beat literary movement
Flaunted convention and embraced spontaneity, jazz, alcohol, and drug use, and open sexuality.
Allen Ginsber
"Howl"-long poem attacking contemporary American society
Jack Kerouac's "On the Road"
Often considered most important Beat text

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