AP US History Study
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- Treaty of Tordesillas
- divided future American discoveries between Castile and Portugal. (king john II and Isabella signed this). of england ignored this treaty and sent John Cabot who claimed land for england. by the 16th century neither france nor england had mande any permanent settlements
- John Smith
- imposed military discipline on Jamestowns settlers. he revived the colony. when he was wounded and had to go back to england, his enemies replaced him as leader and the colony disintegrated. England was in financial ruin and reorganized the company 2x and sent more settlers experimenting with harsh military discipline.
- English Joint-Stock company (the virginia company of London) and the Plymouth company
- two joint-stock companies charered in 1606 to establish English colonies in America by James I. virginia company, also known as the London company, it organized the founding of the virginia colony. these companies sold shares to investorys to raise money for colonization. the virginia company went bankrupt in 1624 (Opechancanough's attack destroyed it) and a year later Virginia became a royal colony by King James I.
- John Rolfe
- an Englishman who perfected a variety of tobacco and began planting it in virginia. Virginia and settlers into the colony.
- French colonies
- french made some brief forays to the south (in what is now South Carolina and florida) 1562-1564. abandoned carolian because of starvation. spanish captured the florida fort.
- queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) and sir humprhey gilbert.
- saw colonization as a way to gain wealth and political advantage and a protestant crusade against catholic domination. Gilbert offered land in America to English families willing to emigrate.
- 17th century colonization
- increased rivalry inEuropean nations for New World territory. English had little direct control over american colonies. James I would instead grant land to trading companies or people who would plant new settlements.
- fur trade
- economic base of Reance's New World empire which was dependent on the control of waterways and alliances with Indians rather than the occupation ol land. thier focus was the ST. Lawrence River populated with beavers. In north americathey pair lower taxes, were on a better diet, lived in beter houses, and could get land.
- Robert, Sieur de La Salle
- he went to the gulf of Mexico and claimed the entire river valley (Lou8isiana in honor of King Luis XIV) for france. fur traders "woods runners", roamed forests living and trading with Indians. This expansion for French alarmed English.
- Jamestown
- after disappearance of Roanoke colony, (1607) twenty years later theyr tried again in the Chesapeak BAy region. (jamestown. it endured developing into the colony of virginia. 3 small ships came carrying all men. they immediately began looking for gold and searching for NW passage to Asia. there was disease and they didnt plant crops. many died.
- tobacco
- the reason for virginia's success, commanded good prices from Europeans. it also underlay the economy of Maryland (founded by english)
- headright system (1616)
- giving 50 acres to anyone who paid his way to Virginia and an additional 50 for each person he brought with him.
- house of burgesses
- the first legislative body in English America. it set a precedent for the establishment of self-government in other English colonies. Landowners elected reps. to the House of burgesses which made laws for Virginia.
- indentured servants
- worked for settlers for a certain amount of years in exchange for a free passage to virginia.
- Maryland
- english conlonization was encouraged. 1632 King Charles I granted 10 million acres of land north of the bay to Lord Baltimore. Maryland was a proprietary colony (the sole possetion of Baltimore and his heirs). they owned all the land. baltimore wanted it to be a refugee for others of his faith.