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History October

Terms

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Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince of Portugal who established a school of navigation and directed explorations.
Cartography
The art or technique of making maps or charts.
Vasco de Gama
Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator. The first European to sail to India.
Alphonso de Albuquerque
Considered the founder of the Portuguese empire in the East.
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian navigator and explorer of the South American coast. America was named in his honor.
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese navigator of the sixteenth century. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over discovered lands.
Hernan Cortez
Spanish explorer and conquistador who conquered Aztec Mexico for Spain.
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer and conqueror of the Inca Empire of Peru (1531–1533).
Encomiendas
Trusteeship system used during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
Audiencias
A judicial district that functioned as an appeals court.
Bartolome de Las Casas
Spanish missionary and historian.
Dutch East India Company
Chartered by the Netherlands to expand trade between the government and its colonial enterprises in Asia.
New Netherlands
A Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers.
Mughal Empire
Muslim empire in India, 1526–1857.
Sir Robert Clive
British soldier and statesman who helped secure Britain's interests in India.
Battle of Plassey
The victory in 1757 by the British that established British supremacy over India.
Ming Dynasty
A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century.
Qianlong
Chinese emperor (1735–1796) of the Qing dynasty.
Tokugawa
Family that held the shogunate and controlled Japan from 1603 to 1867.
Mercantillism
Attempt to increase a nation’s wealth by imposing government regulation of commercial interests.
Mestizos
Person of mixed European and Native American ancestry.
Mulattoes
A person of mixed white and Black ancestry.
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
Mexican nun and poet known for her love lyrics.
Potosi
A city of south-central Bolivia southwest of Sucre.
Gerardus Mercator
Flemish cartographer who developed the Mercator projection (1568).

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