Social Change/Social Movements Final
Terms
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- Who wrote the Port Huron Statement?
- Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
- What issues were the SDS concerned with?
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paradoxes in America:
-nuclear energy
-technology advances = meaningless work (depersonalization)
-leadership not revolutionary
-fear of change
-"all men created equal"
-workers excluded from basic decisions - What was SDS' slogan?
- participatory democracy
- What is participatory democracy?
- public groupings make decisions of basic social consequence, politics seen positively, politics necessary means of finding meaning in political life, available to men to clarify problems in way instrumental to the solution.
- What was the 1960s youth movement?
- campus activism; hippies by lifestyle. political hippies
- Define yippies
- youth participating in anarchist street theater (which the media focused on cuz it's visual)
- How do the 60s relate to SM spillover?
- 1. civil rights movement & CO mvm feed into 2. 60's SDS, &c., which feed into 3. feminist mvm in response to sexism in other organizations
- What is the diffusion/demonstration effect?
- Strategies are demonstrated as effective, so they diffuse to other areas and movements.
- What does "organized irresponsibility" refer to?
- People aren't just apathetic, they're pushed towards irresponsibility by an organized pwr structure. i.e. 1950's "cheerful idiots"
- What is significant about 1968?
- Thanks in part to demonstration effect, it's globally active with serious but naively idealistic students.
- What is "competitive symbiosis"?
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SociMvm affects & depends on media as media affects & depends on SociMvm.
In "Movements & Media as Interacting Systems" by Gamson & Wolfsend. - What is "cumulative inequality"?
- Those most needy, with the least access (in this case, to media), pay higher costs.
- Who is less equal in the competitive symbiosis between SociMvms and media?
- SociMvms: they must compete because media can get its drama, action, & photo opps elsewhere. SociMvms can't so easily find mobilization, validation, & scope enlargement elsewhere.
- How does framing relate to SociMvms' & media's relationship?
- They must negotioate the framing of what the issue is.
- What is "political scenario"?
- Media establishes frameworks for organizing data about politics. These appear apolticial and reality rather than interpretations.
- What, according to Gamson & Wolfsend, can give the movement advantage over the media?
- If they 1) have the resources to appear organized, professional, and coordinated, 2) have a complementary division of labor (deviant actors not rep's to media), 3) have narrower demands which result in sympathy for the movement.
- What, according to Gamson & Wolfsend, can give the media advantage over the movement?
- Media advantage if they have 1) Larger & more elite audience, 2) emphasis on entertainment (they'll pick a mvm rep/leader if you don't), 3) emphasis on visual (you'll give them the action they want)
- What is a TAN?
- Transnational Advocacy Network. A communicative structure for political change. NOT SM in itself, NOT institution. Focus on events, ideas, information, and framing.
- What sociological strategies do TANs use?
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Framing - Often "human dignity" cuz must be transnationally appropriate. Ex: all violence ag women as violence.
taking advantage of POS - intl conferences
direct action - lobbying
mobilizing blocs - networks like intl conferences - What does Dana Fisher say about a global civil society participating in protest?
- Not. Most people involved are concerned with transnational issues but aren't from outside the country.
- What is "communicative praxis"?
- Putting theory into practice
- What methods have the Zapatistas used?
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Framing ("Zapatistas" indicates that there are still peasants)
Technology (peasants)
Political military opportunity structure
Symbolic gestures (changing meaning of flag) - What is "network capacity"?
- How a SMO can use ties to other groups and form new ties.
- What 2 ways does Jasper mention as recruitable?
- 1) affective networks (friends) 2) cultural messages (strangers)
- What is a "whistleblower"?
- An employee who finds out about his employers' practices and becomes an activist.
- What methods can be used to recruit strangers?
- Canvassing, tabling, direct mail, public displays, advertising
- What is a moral message?
- A compelling & clear message to mobilize through disembodied channels (media)
- What is the challenge of identity movements?
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Fixed identity is the basis for both oppression and political power.
Simplification of complex idenity. - How does a new social movement (NSM) construct an identity?
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1) boundary construction - differences
2) interpretive frameworks
3) negotionation - symbols, everyday actions - How does new racist (NR) rhetoric of contemporary white seperatists (WS's) legitimate the movement?
- With the cultural pluralist masterframe to frame "hate-free racism"
- What catalyst kicked off the Christian Right Mvm?
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Legalization of abortion, government regulation of religious schools & broadcasting
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Increasing resources - What issues did the Christian Right Mvm face?
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Moral decay
Self as unpopular minority in hostile environment
Descreased respect of religious institutions
Restrictions on public religious expressions - What are linear and fluid social change?
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Linear = Concrete economic/political gain
Fluid = subtle cultural changes in beliefs and values - OR: what, issues, media, opposition, results
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what - Opeartion Rescue
issues - anti-abortion
media - 1st portrayed as civil rights mvm, then as violent
opposition - claimed police brutality. received injunctions (laws/fines) against them for picketing in protest-free zone
results - less dr's & hospitals doing it, individuals dismissing abortion as option - How is the New Christian Right movement a countermovement?
- It's in opposition to "secular humanism": feminism, abortion, and gay rights.
- What methods does the New Christian Right use?
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network mobilization - denominations
bloc recruitment - corporate churches
framing - cultural appropriation (matching Scripture to political application with moral report cards)
direct action - televangelism, mag/newsppr/internet, boycotts, assassination attempts, lobbying, political campaigning
resource mobilization - mailings & phone campaigns
POS - Reagan's support - What are the major SMOs of the Christian Right?
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OR
Moral Majority
Christian Coalition - stealth election campaigns
American Coalition for Traditional family values
Christian Braodcasting Network (Pat Robertson)