Modern World Trimester 1 Exam *Dr. K*
This is for Modern World Trimester 1 Exam *Dr. K*
Terms
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- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Wrote the dramatic poem "Faust"
- called "Peasant Emperor"
- Joseph II
- John Dalton
- atomic theory creator
- republic
- sans-culottes and Jacobins wanted...
- émigrés
- people who fee their country for political reasons
- Adam Smith
- believed that a free market would come to help everyone, not just rich
- cartel
- association of large corporations formed to fix prices, set production quotas, or divide up markets
- Montesquieu
- introduced ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances
- House of Commons
- This group had the power to disband the cabinet
- Robert Fulton
- used Watt's steam engine to power the Clermont
- Karl Marx
- believed in setting up a classless, communist society would end struggles over wealth and power
- oligarchy
- government in which the power belongs to a few people
- interchangeable parts
- identical components that can e used in place of one another in manufacturing
- Jacobins
- a revolutionary political club made up of middle-class lawyers and intellectuals
- Act of Union
- united England and Scotland
- republic
- the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declare France a...
- Bessemer process
- operation that produces steel by purifying iron ore
- Social Darwinism
- ideas that applied the theory of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition
- suffrage
- right to vote
- Jeremy Bentham
- all actions should be judged by "utility"
- Madame Geoffrin
- ran one of the most respected salons
- Thomas Malthus
- predicted that population would outpace food supply, urged people to have less children
- annex
- add a territory onto an existing state or country
- John Locke
- People were naturally good
- Continental Congress
- Group of colonial leaders who made decisions during the American Revolution
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- composer who utilized a broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra
- Thomas Hobbes
- Wrote Leviathan; presented the concept of the social contract
- abdicate
- give up a high office
- Pamela
- Richardson's novel which uses letters to tell a story.
- Battle of Saratoga
- battle that convinced the French to join the American side
- racism
- belief that one racial group is superior to another
- plebiscite
- ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue
- Thomas Jefferson
- principal author of the Declaration of Independence
- David Ricardo
- CYCLE--high wages-more kids-low wages-high unemployment-less kids-...
- sans-culottes
- working class men/women who pushed the revolution into more radical action
- Abraham Darby
- used coal to smelt iron
- prime minister
- head of the cabinet
- Joseph Lister
- This English surgeon insisted that surgeons wash their hands before operating
- Gottlieb Dailmler
- introduced the first four-wheeled automobile
- utilitarianism
- idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
- enlightened despots
- monarchs who used their power to bring about social and political change
- power
- Catherine the Great, like other monarchs, did not intend to give up any ____________.
- bourgeoisie
- middle class of 3rd Estate
- Jenner
- Developed vaccine against smallpox
- guerrilla warfare
- fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids
- Mozart
- his works helped to create a new style of classical composition
- Committee of Public Safety
- group that ordered all French citizens to join the war effort
- physiocrat
- Enlightenment thinker who searched for natural laws to explain economics
- Directory
- established by the moderates who seized power from radical revolutionaries
- legitimacy
- principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored
- Smith
- Wrote The Wealth of NAtions; argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business
- Joseph Lister
- discovered how antiseptics prevented infection
- assembly line
- industrial production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks
- natural laws
- rules or laws that govern human nature
- Wollstonecraft
- Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman; called for equal education for girls and boys
- cult of domesticity
- model in the 1800s that idealized women and the home
- John Locke
- believed the government has an obligation to those it governs
- Smith
- believer of laissez-faire
- Robert Koch
- identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis
- Voltaire
- attacked corrupt government, inequality, and the slave trade; supported freedom of speech
- James Watt
- improved upon steam engine
- John Locke
- People have certain natural rights
- laissez faire
- policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
- Marquis de Lafayette
- headed the National Guard
- blockade
- shutting off a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
- Priestly
- built the framework for modern chemistry with Lavoisier
- Luddites
- rioters who fought against the machines that cost them jobs
- Louis Pasteur
- developed a vaccine for rabies
- Diderot
- Edited Encyclopedia
- social gospel
- movement that urged Christians to social service
- Thomas Hobbes
- argued that people are naturally bad
- Rousseau
- Wrote The Social Contract; advocated the will of the majority and the common good
- James Hargreaves
- produced the spinning jenny
- atomic theory
- the theory that showed how different kinds of atoms combine to make all chemical substances
- social contract
- agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos
- Florence Nightingale
- founded the world's first school of nursing
- Bach
- his works were religious in nature
- rococo
- ___________ art was personal and charming.
- proletariat
- working class
- Navigation Acts
- Laws passed by Parliament to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
- Florence Nightingale
- As an army medical assistant during the Crimean War, this person insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals
- Thomas Edison
- made the first electric light bulb
- tricolor
- red, white, and blue badge of the common people
- natural rights
- rights that belong to all humans from birth
- Battle of Yorktown
- battle that ended the British war effort
- Frederick the Great
- his reforms were directed mainly at making the Prussian government more efficient
- Victor Hugo
- wrote the novel "Les Miserables"
- philosophe
- member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society
- Robespierre
- leader of reign of terror
- baroque
- The _________ style was grand and complex
- communism
- form of socialism
- corporation
- business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment
- Catherine II
- Her contribution to Russia was an expanded empire
- John Stuart Mill
- ACTIONS: Right-if it brings happiness Wrong-if it causes pain
- George Stephenson
- developed steam-powered locomotives to pull carriages
- Georges Haussman
- he destroyed tenement housing and rebuilt the poor areas of Paris
- Richard Arkwright
- invented the waterframe
- Henrik Ibsen
- Norwegian dramatist who brought realism to theater
- Tories
- This political party supported broad powers for the monarch
- John Wesley
- founded the Methodist church
- Whigs
- This political party favored Parliament over the crown
- Joseph II
- This monarch did the most to reform the lives of his subjects
- Montesquieu
- Wrote The Spirit of the Laws
- Legislative Assembly
- set up as part of the new limited monarchy of France
- socialism
- system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all busineesses
- National Assembly
- delegates of the 3rd Estate who banded together to draw up a constitution for France
- Louis Pasteur
- developed a process to kill disease-carrying microbes in beverages
- Charles Townshend
- encouraged farmers to grow turnips which restored exhausted soil
- Robert Owen
- against child labor, believed living conditions shaped one's character
- Lord Byron
- Lent his name to the romantic hero
- women's suffrage
- women's right to vote
- constitutional government
- government whose power is limited by law