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us hist ch. 17

Terms

undefined, object
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"railroad time"
Railroad companies urged the government to make standard time zones to end the confusion of time being slightly different from time to time represent railroad companies' enormous power 1803
"Robber barons"
millionaires who made their money unrighteously
"scabs"
replacement workers of striking workers (name used by unions)
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
founded by Samuel Gompers 1866 coalition of craft unions tried to organize skilled workers in a particlar field encouraged stricks and largely successful
American Railway Union
founded by Eugene V. Debs
Andrew Carnegie
scottish immigrant, rose from poor to rich invested money in steel mills and thus lowered production costs gained control of steel production, creating a vertically integrated company known for his philanthropy: donated his entire fortune to publ
anthracite coal
the most important fuel of the second industrial revolution used to generate steam
Credit Mobilier Scandal 1867
stockholders in the Union Pacific railroad set up a construction company to lay track at inflated costs stockholders get the windfall profits for themsevles. they also offered stock to congressmen to keep them quiet
Edwin L. Drake
1859 successfully used steam power to drill for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania made it practical to access large amounts of oil from beneath the earth's surface
general strike
cessation of work by the majority of workers in every industry
Great Railroad Strike 1877
workers on strike in West Virgina to protest a wage cut the closest US ever came to a general strike
Haymarket Riot 1886
first: peaceful demonstration for the 8 hour day then: someone throws a bomb, police fires into crowd turned many people away from the labor movement & crippled the Knights of Labor
Homestead Strike 1892
against the Carnegie Steel Company daylong gun battle leaves 10 dead defeat for Crrnegie's workers
horizontal monopoly
involves several companies in the same business combining, effectively controlling an industry
Ida Tarbell
muckraker, 1904 book 'The History of the Standard Oil Company': revealed Rockefeller's shady practices
In general, local, state, and federal goernments used their power to side with:
the owners of companies
Indsturial Workes of the World (IWW)
"One Big Union" combined socialist and anarchist ideas but failed to attract a mass following radical labor union leader: Big Bill Haywood
injunction
a court order stopping a specific act, often used against unions to end a strike
Jay Gould
most ruthless business owner of this era gained reuptation through bribery, threats, and conspiracy against competitors
John D. Rockefeller
achieved a monopoly in the oil-refining business through horizontal integration his company: Standard Ooil
Knights of Labor
important early indsturial union open to men and women of all races and skill levels supported arbitration (cases, courts, etc) than striking leader: Powderly
mass production techniques
factories became more mechanized: machines, not workers, began to make products
muckraker
journalistis who try to solve social ills through publicity
oil
became important in post-civil war period
Perhaps the most important technological development of the 19th century was the ______.
railroad
Pullman Strike 1894
Pullman announced a wage cut, workers angry Debs organize a nationwide strike of workers who handled Pullman cars President Cleveland sent in troops to break up the strike
Second Industrial revolution
when US went from being a primarily rural nation after the Civil War to the world's leading industrial power
Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890
any attempt to interfere with free interstate trade by forming trusts was illegal
socialism
political ideology that supported the eventual end of the private enterprise system and the advent of a worker-run society
steel
became cheaper and more availabe as a result of the Beseemer process (1850s) more flexible and stronger than iron
trust
formed when competing companies create a single board of trustees which would voersee operations of the various companies
vertical integration
when a company gained control of the various aspects of an indsturial process
Yellow-dog contracts
employees agree not to join unions

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