Chemistry of Life
Terms
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- Elements are...
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A substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
(Examples are:gold, qxygen, hydrogen and carbon) - An atom and what's inside of it is...
- The smallest particle of an element that has all the characteristics of that element. The nucleus is at the center or an atom.
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An isotope is...
Some examples are... -
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
(examples are: most carbon nuclei) -
A compound is...
Some examples of compounds are... -
A compound is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.
(Examples: table salt) - Two types of bonds are...
- covalent bond and ionic bond
- A chemical reaction occurs...
- when bonds are formed or broken, causing substances to recombine into differnt substances.
- The difference between a mixture and solution is...
- A mixture is a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties while a solution is a mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent).
- A ph scale is a measure...
- of how acidic or basic a solution is. It goes from 0-14
- A base is...
- any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
- An acid is...
- any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+)
- Water and its importance to life is...
- Water is the most important compound in living organisms. It makes up 70-95% of most organisms)
- Water polar is...
- water molecules that attract ions as well as other polar molecules. Because of this attraction, water can dissolve many compounds.
- Some of water's properties are...
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*water expands when it freezes
*water is an excellent vehicle for carrying substances in living systems
*Water requires a lot of heat to increase temperature
*water acts as an insulator in the environment (coast vs. desert) - Brownian motion is...
- The random motion of molecules in gas, liquid, & some solid molecules. All objects in motion have kinetic energy (Movement)
- The process and results of diffusion in water is...
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Process: The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Results: Occurs because of random motion of molecules. Concentration, temp., & pressure can effect the rate of diffusion. Diffusion is one of the ways cells move substances in & out.