AP Exam 3 2
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Which of the following enzymes acts in the stomach?
a.Chymotrypsin
b.lingual lypase
c.carboypeptidase
d.enterokinase
e.dextrinase - Lingual lipase
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Which of the following enzymes does not digest any nutrients?
a.Chymotrypsin
b.lingual lypase
c.carboypeptidase
d.enterokinase
e.dextrinase - Enterokinase
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Which of the following is not an enzyme?
a.Chymotrypsin
b.lingual lypase
c.carboypeptidase
d.enterokinase
e.dextrinase - Carboypeptidase
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The lacteals absorb...
a.chylomicrons
b.micelles
c.emulsification droplets
d.amino acids
e.monosaccharides - Monosaccharides
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All of the following contribute to the smallintestine except...
a.its length
b.the brush border
c.haustra
d.circular folds
e.villi - Haustra
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Which of the following is a peridontal tissue?
a.the gingiva
b.the enamel
c.the cementum
d.the pulp
e.the dentin - The gingiva
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The____of the stomach most closely resembles the____of the small intestine.
a.gastric pits, intestinal crypts
b.pyloric glands, intestinal crypts
c.rugae, Peyer patches
d.parietal cells, goblet cells
e.gastric glands, duodenal gl - gastric pits, intestinal crypts
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Which of the following cells secrete digestive enzymes?
a.chief cells
b.mucous neck cells
c.parietal cells
d.goblet cells
e.enteroendocrine cells - Chief cells
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What phase of gastric regulation inculdes inhibition by the enterogastric reflex?
a.the intestinal phase
b.the gastric phase
c.the buccal phase
d.the cephalic phase
e.the pharyngo-esophageal phase - The intestinal phase
- Cusps are a feature of the______surfaces of the molars and premolars.
- occlusal
- The acidity of the stomach deactivates____but activates_____of the saliva.
- Amylase, Lipase
- The_____salivary gland is named for its proximity to the ear.
- partoid
- Nervous stimulation of gastrointestinal activity is mediated mainly through the parasympathetic fivers of the _____nerves.
- vagus
- Food in the stomach causes G cells to secrete_____, which in turn stimulates the secretion of HCL and pesinogen.
- gastrin
- Hepatic macrophages occur in bloodfilled spaces of the liver called_____.
- sinusoids
- The brush border enzyme that finishes the job of starch digestion, producing glucose, is called_____. Its substrate is_____.
- maltase, maltose
- Fats are transported in the lymph and blood in the form of droplets called_____.
- chylomicrons
- Within the absoprtive cells of the small intestine, ferritin binds the nutrient____.
- iron
- The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses collectively constitue the_____nervous system.
- enteric
- Fat is not digested until it reaches the duodenum.
- True
- A tooth is composed mostly of enamel.
- False, most of the tooth is dentin.
- Hepatocytes secrete bile into the hepatic sinosoids.
- False, Hepatocytes secrete bile into the bile canaliculi.
- Cholecystokinin stimulate the release of bile into the duodenum.
- True
- Perstalsis is ocntrolled yb the myenteric nerve plexus.
- True
- Pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase are enxymatically inactive zymogens.
- True
- The absorption of dietary iron dependson intrinsic factor.
- False, intrinsic factor is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12.
- Filling of the stomach stimulates contractions of the colon.
- True
- The duodenum secretes a hormone that inhibits contractions of the stomach.
- True
- Tight junctions of the small intestine prevent anything from leaking between the epithelial cells.
- False, water, glucose, and other nutrients pass between cells, through the tight junctions.
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_____are not used as fuel and are required in relativily small quantities.
a.Micronutrients
b.Macronutrients
c.essential nutrients
d.Proteins
e.Lipids - Micronutrients
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The only significant digestible polysaccharide in the diet is..
a.glycogen
b.cellulose
c.starch
d.maltose
e.fiber - Starch
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Which of the following stores the greatest amount of energy for the smallest amount of space in the body?
a.glucose
b.triglycerides
c.glycogen
d.proteins
e.vitamins - Triglycerides
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The lipoprotiens that remove choelsterol from teh tissues are
a.chylomicrons
b.lipoprotein lipase
c.VLDLs
d.LDLs
e.HDLs - HDLs
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Proteins serve all of the following fucntions except to act as
a.enzymes
b.coenzymes
c.hormones
d.antibodies
e.structural support for cells - Coenzymes
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The primary fucntion of B-complex vitamins is to act as
a.structural compononents of cells
b.sources of energy
c.componenets of pigments
d.antioxidents
e.coenzymes - Coenzymes
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FAD is reduced to FADH2 in
a.glycolysis
b.anaerobic fermentation
c.the citric acid cycle
d.the electron-transport chain
e.Beta-oxidation of lipids - The citric acid cycle
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The primary, direct benefit of anaerobic fermentation is to
a.regenerate NAD+
b.produce FADH2
c.produce lactic acid
d.dispose of pyruvic acid
e.produce more ATP than glycolysis does - Regenerate NAD+
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Which of these occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?
a.glycolysis
b.chemiosmosis
c.the cytochrome reactions
d.the citric acid cycle
e.anaerobic fermentation - The citric acid cycle
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When the body emits more infrared energy than it aborbs, it is losing heat by
a.convection
b.forced convection
c.conduction
d.radiation
e.evaporatiion - Radiation
- A/an_____protein lacks one or more essential amino acids.
- Incomplete
- In the postabsorptive state, glycogen is hydrolyzed to liberate glucose. This process is called____.
- Glycogenolysis
- Synthesis of glucose from amino acids or triglycerides is called____.
- Gluconeogensis
- The major nitrogenous waste resulting from protein catabolism is ______.
- Urea
- The absorptive state is regulated mainly by the hormone______.
- Insulin
- The temperature of organs in teh body cavities is called_____.
- Core temerpature
- The feeding center, satiety center, heat-losing center, and heat-promoting center are nuclei located in part of the brain called the_____.
- Hypothalamus
- The brightly colored, iron-containint, electron-transfer molecules of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called____.
- Cytochromes
- The flow of H+ from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrical current used by the enzyme____ to make ____.
- ATP synthase, ATP
- Orexin and leptin are tow hormones that stimulate the appetite.
- False, Leptin supporesses the appetite.
- Water is a nutrient, but oxygen and cellulose are not.
- True
- An extremely low-fat diet can cause vitamin-deficiency diseases.
- True
- Most of the body's cholesterol comes from the diet.
- False, Most of the cholesterol is endogenouse, not dietary
- There is not harm in maximizing one's daily protein intake.
- False, Excessive protein intake can cause renal damage
- Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic fermentation.
- True
- Reactions occurring on the mirochondrial inner membrane produce more ATP than glycolysis and the matrix reactions combined.
- True
- Gluconeogensis occurs especially in the absorptive state during and shortly after a meal.
- False, Gluconeogensis is a postabsorptive phenomenon
- Brown fat generates more ATP than white fat and is therefore especially important for thermoregulation.
- False, brown fat does not generate ATP.
- At a comfortable air temperature, the body loses more heat as infrared radiation tha by any other means.
- True