Blood and Blood Cells
Terms
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- function of blood
- to carry nutrients to cells and waste products to excretory organs
- Erythrocytes
-
-biconcave: dog sheep
-shallow: horse cat
-flat: goat pig
-shape maintained by spectrin
-central pale area and peripheral part has more Hb
-all organelles are discarded
-anaerobic glycolysis - Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis
-
ani: variation in size is common in most animal species
poik: variation in shape is common in goat and deer - Abnormalities in erythrocytes
-
Reticulocytes: immature RBC (indicator of anemia), contain ribosomes/mitochondria
Howell-Jolly: deeply basophilic inclusions, reminants of nucleus
Heinz bodies: pale area close to periphery due to hemoglobin oxidation -
LEUKOCYTES
Neutrophils (Heterophils) -
-Heterochromatic
-segmented nucleus
-pale granules
-immature ones are called band cells
-first line of defense, phagocytosis and destruction
-azurophilic/specific granules
-30-40% in ruminants, 50% in horse, 60-70% in dog and cat - Eosinophils
-
-segmented nucleus (less than neutrophil)
-pink granules
-cats rod-shaped
-parasitic infection, alergic, anaphylatic reactions, inactivates histamine - Basophils
-
-rare
-mediate inflammatory reaction
-have histamine, heparin granules - Monocytes
-
-largest blood cell
-grayish/foamy vaculated cytoplasm
-precursor to macrophage - Lymphocytes
-
-small and large
-heterochromatic
-scant cytoplasm
-20-40% dog, cat and horse
-50-60% pig
-60-70% ruminants - Platelets/Thrombocytes
-
-discoid, spherical or elongate cytoplasmic fragments
-remain individual
-main cell in marrow and breaks off fragments of itself
-thrombocytes: nucleated cells in birds, fish, reptiles
-proteins are absorbed on thin external coat