Biology 102 cont'd
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is the purpose of the innr membrane of the mitochondria?
- it isolates protons (H+) from the inner compartment
- How is Acetyl-CoA produced?
- fats, proteins and lipids
- What is the lipid-soluble and freely movable molecule that when the flow of electrons from NADH reductase to the cytochromes happens?
- Ubiquinone
- _______ is a molecule with 4 C atoms and one central double bond. Succinic acid oxidizes into it.
- FUMARIC ACID
- What is the ATP formation in the mitochondria based on?
- chemiosmotic principle
- If the cell is not low in ATP what does Acetyl-CoA do?
- generates lipids
- _________are proton pumps that acidify the outer compartment of mitochondria.
- cytochroms
- What then is malic acid dehydrogenated into?
- oxaloacetic acid
- How many ATP does citric acid cylce end up with?
- 18
- What are the two types of reactions in the Krebs cycle?
- Preparation and energy extraction
- How many ATP does glycolysis make in the end?
- 4
- _____is one of the most important metabolites.
- Acetyl-CoA
- What is harvested for ATP in the mitochondria?
- high proton pressure
- Is the change in free energy enough to change NAD?
- no but it does reduce FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- How many ATP does pyrumate decarboxylation end up with?
- 6
- What is NAD reduced to in the last of the reductions during the tricarboxylic acid?
- NADH
- The production of energy preceeds _________
- Citric Acid cycle
- What does Acetyl-CoA do if the energy content of a given cell is low?
- it will produce the ATP needed
- How does the Krebs cycle start?
- starts with the irreversible condensation of Acetyl-CoA to the C4 molecule Oxaloacetic Acid to form C6 molecule (citric acid) which contains 3 carboxyl groups (-COOH)
- What concludes the preparation stage?
- The Isomerization of citric acid to Isocitric acid
- What is fumaric acid converted in to and how?
- Malic acid and it is done by incorporation of water
- What is formed when multienzyme leads to decarboxylation and oxidation by NAD?
- Succinyl-CoA
- What is formed when isocitric acid is oxidized by transfering H to NAD then by removing CO2?
- Ketoglutaric acid
- How does the reduction equivalent convert to ATP?
- by transfering their electrons to an electron transport system which includes the enzymes Q, Cytochromes and oxygen
- What does glycolysis and most of the Krebs cycle's yeild?
- Reduction equivalents NADH+H+ and FADH2
- What promotes the Krebs cycle
- high levels of ADP
- What is oxidatively decarboxylated in the enery extraction?
- isocitric acid
- What is the citric Acid cycle inhibited by?
-
HIGH LEVELS OF: ATP (which inhibts first decarboxylation)
Succinyl-CoA (inhibits citrate formation) and oxaloacetate (inhibits fumarate) - What is the result of the electron transport?
- it pumps protons into the space between the two mitochondrial membranes
- what is localized in the inner membrane of the mitocondria?
- the electron transport chain
- What drives the ATP formation?
- the pH of the proton or the proton gradient
- How many ATP's does NADH+H+ AND FADH2?
- NADH+H+ yields 3 ATP and FADH2 yeilds 2 ATP