Biology 102 con't 3
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- _________ occurs when oxidative processes cannot take place (or oxygen is not available in sufficient concentrations).
- Fermentation
- What does the cleavage of the C6 compound yield?
- two C3 molecules
- What then is 3-PG converted in to?
- 2-PG
- What is the multi enzyme complex that pyruvates react with?
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- What are the two trioses that fructose bisphosphate is cut into?
- GAP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and DAP DihydroxAcetone Phosphate
- What is common in yeast and occurs after carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate (escaped as gas)?
- Alcoholic fermentation
- What is the end-product of glycolysis?
- Pyruvate
- What does fermentation make with the combination of pyruvate and the reduction equivalent NADH?
- lactate dehydrogenase
- What is Fructose 1,6-diphosphate cut into?
- DihydroxAcetone Phosphate (DAP) and GlycerAldehyde 3-Phosphate (GAP)
- What is the purpose of Acetylcoenzyme A?
- it fuels the Krebs, Citric or TRI-CARBOXYLIC ACID cycle
- What is the total number of ATP Glycolysis provides?
-
6 ATP however two are consumed for glucose activation and only really yields 4 ATP
- ________ requires oxygen.
- Oxidative respiration (Aerobic Metabolism)
- How is the GAP processed?
- GAP is oxidized (NAD+ is reduced to NADH+H+) and inorganic phospahte (NOT ATP) is used to further phosphorylate the triose to yield 1,3 DiPhosphoGlyerate (DPG)
- What do both Lactate and Alcoholic fermentation consume?
- the excess NADH provided by glycolysis
- What happens when water is removed from glycolysis?
- Phospho-EnolPyruvate (PEP) and energy rich molecule is formed
- What does the formation of ethanol require?
- decarboxylation of pyruvate
- Is glycolysis an efficient way for ATP production?
- NO
- What is the escaping of carbon dioxide also know as?
- acetaldehyde
- Why is glycolsis preformed if it is an inefficient way of ATP production?
- Because it can be done with out oxygen
- What important product is pyruvate converted to within the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
- Acetylcoenzyme A
- How is DAP converted intow GAP?
- by and isomerase (ratio~4:1)
- What is formed when acetaldehyde reacts with NADH?
- ethanol
- PEP (Phospho-EnolPyruvate) transfers its Phosphogroup to what?
- it transfers it to ADP to again yield ATP and pyruvate
- The two carbons that are left after decarboxylation of pyruvate combine with a________ and form _________ which is processed in the __________
- Co-enzyme Acetyl-CoA TCA cycle
- In the begining of life who and why did cetain thing rely on glycolysis?
- Early organisms relied on glycolysis as an energy source and all organisms rely on it as preparation for oxidative reactions
- What are the two compounds participating in the multi enzyme complex?
- Vitamin B and Lipoic Acid
- Which of the two,DAP or GAP, can be processed?
- GAP however DAP is converted to GAP
- When Pyruvates react with pyruvate dehydrogenase it eliminates CO2 forms NADH+H+ and transfers the remaining two carbons (the acetyle group) to Co-enzyme A forming?
- Acetyl-CoA
- what is the DPG (DiPhosphoGlycerate) converted to?
- 3-PG (PhosphoGlycerates) by transfering one phosphate group to ADP
- What is irreversible and is not part of the citric acid cycle, but is obligatory for the entry of all carbohydrates into the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
- decarboxylaton of pyruvate
- Fermentation starts with_____?
- pyruvate
- What is most common is higher organisms and is the cause of sore muscles?
- Lactate fermentation