Geometry Conjecture/Glossary Test
Terms
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- Conditional Statement
- A statement written in if-then format
- Hypothesis
- the "if" part of a conditional statement
- Conclusion
- the "then" part of a conditional statement
- Converse
- The if and then parts of a conditional statement are reversed
- Inverse
- The negation of the hypothesis and clonclusion of a conditional (original) statement.
- Contrapositive
- The negation of the hypothesis and conclusion of a converse statement
- Counterexample
- An example that proves a statement false.
- Point
- Basic unit of Geometry; Has no size; Represented by a dot; Labeled by a capital letter.
- Line
- A straight srrangement of points; Infinite number of points; Infinite length; No thickness
- Plane
- Has length, width, but no thickness; extends forever
- Space
- The set of all points
- Congruent
- Two figures that have the exact same size and shape
- Midpoint
- average point
- Ray
- A part of a line consisting of one point an all points on one side of the line from that point.
- Segment
- Part of a line that has two endpoints and contains all of the points in between the two endpoints.
- Collinear
- POints that lie on the same plane.
- Coplanar
- points that lie in the same plane
- Axiom
- a statement that is accepted without proof.
- Postulate
- same as an axiom
- Theorem
- a statement that can be proven
- Conjecture
- a generalization made through inductive reasoning.
- Angle
- two rays that share a common endpoint, provided the two rays do not lie on the same line
- Degree
- unit of measurement for an angle
- Protractor
- tool used to measure angles
- Vertex
- the common endpoint of the two rays that form an angle.
- Sides of an ANgle
- the two rays that form an angle.
- Acute
- an angle that measures less than 90 degrees, but more than 0 degrees
- Obtuse
- and angle that measure more than 90 degrees, but less thatn 180 degrees.
- Right
- and angle that measure exactly 90
- Supplementary
- two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
- Complementary
- two angles whose sum is 90 degrees
- System of Equations
- Two or more equations that state relationships between the same variables
- Vertical Angles
- If line AB and CD intersect at point, P, then APC and BPD are vertical angles.
- Angle Bisector
- A ray that has an endpoint on the vertex of an angle, and that divides the angle into two congruent angles.
- Parallel Lines
- Two or more coplanar lines that do not intersect.
- Skew Lines
- Two non-coplanar lines that do not intersect.
- Perpendicular Lines
- Two lines that intersect to form a right angle.
- Adjascent Angles
- two angles that share a common vertex, a common side but no common interior points.
- Trasversal
- a line that intersects two coplanar lines in two different points.
- Alternate Interior Angles
- opposite sides of the transversal they are interior and not adjascent.
- Corresponding Angles
- same relative position different vertex
- Consecutive Interior Angles
- non-adjascent/in the interior of the parallel lines/same side as the transversal
- Domain
- the input values of a function
- Range
- the output values of a function
- Rate of Change
- the difference of the y-values divided by the difference of the x-values
- Polygon
- a closed geometric figure in a plane, formed by connecting line segments endpoint to endpoint with each segment intersecting exactly two others
- Side
- a line segment of a polygon
-
Vertex (sin.)
Vertices (plu.) - an endpoint where the sides of a polygon meet
- Convex Polygon
- a polygon where no segment connecting two vertices is outside the polygon
- Concave Polygon
- a polygon in which at leasy one sement connecting two vertices is outside the polygon
- Classifying Polygons
-
polygons are classified according to the njmber of sides they have
# sides = # vertices = # interior angles - Triangle
- a three-sided polygon
- Quadrilateral
- a four-sided polygon
- Pentagon
- a five-sided polygon
- Hexagon
- a six-sided polygon
- Heptagon
- a seven-sided polygon
- Octagon
- an eight-sided polygon
- Nonagon
- a nine-sided polygon
- Decagon
- a ten-sided polygon
- Undecagon
- and eleven-sided polygon
- Dodecagon
- a twelve-sided polygon
- N-gon
- A polygon with n number of sides
- Consecutive
- Where numbers, letters or figures are next to or touching each other
- Labeling (Naming) polygons
- Polygons are labeled (named) byt listing the capital letters of the vertices in consecutive order
- Consecutive vertices
- two vertices of a polygon connected by a side
- Consecutive sides
- two sides which share a commone vertex
- Consecutive Anglesq
- two angles which share a common side
- Congruent polygons
- two or more polygons are congruent if and only if they have the same size and shape. The correspoding angles and sides are congruent.
- Perimeter
- The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
- Diagonal of a Polygon
- A segment is a diagonal if and only if it connects any two non-consecutive vertices
- Equilateral Polygon
- A polygon is equilateral if and only if all of it's sides are congruent
- Equiangular Polygon
- A polygon is equilangular if and only if all of it's sides are congruent
- Regular Polygon
- a polygon is regulr if and only if it is both equilateral and equiangular
- Midsegment of a Triangle
- a polygon is regular if and only if it is both equilateral and equiangular
- Right Triangle
- a triangle is right if and only if it has on right angle
- Acute Triangle
- a triangle is acute if and only if all of its angles are acute
- Obtuse Triangle
- a triangle is obtuse if and only if it has one obtuse angle
- Scalene Triangle
- a triangle is scalene if and only if none of its sides are congruent
- Isosceles Triangle
- a triangle is isosceles if and only if at least two of its sides are congruent
- Vertex Angle
- an angle is a vertex angle of an isosceles triangle if and only if it is between the two congruent sides
- Base
- a segment is a base an isosceles trianle if and only if it is opposite the vertex angle
- Base Angles
- two angles are base angles of an isosceles triangle if and only if they are opposite the two congruent sides
- Medians of a Triangle
- a segment is a median if and only if it connects a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side
- Height
- The length of the altitude