World War I vocab
Terms
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- pacifist
- people who opposed the use of violence and war
- rationing
- a limited portion or allowance of food or goods, limitation of use
- eastern front
- name given to the fighting on the german russian austro russian and austro romanian fronts
- trench warfare
- form of fighting whereby two sides fight each other from opposing trenches
- lusitania
- british passenger liner sunk off the coast of ireland by german u boats on may 7 1915
- bolshevik
- a group of communists who overthrew teh democratic russian government
- doughboys
- nickname for american troops in europe
- great migration
- movement of over 300,000 african americans from the rural south into northern cities between 1914 and 190
- allied powers
- the coalition formed by britain and her colonies including australia new zealand canada and india, france and russia from the beginning of the war and later other countries including belgium, italy and the united states
- Nationalism
- feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group
- league of nations
- a union of countries formed in 1919 by the treaty of versailles to uphold peace security and promote settlements by arbitration
- espionage act
- 1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying
- u boats
- german submarine taken from the german unterseeboat
- mobilization
- the gathering of resources and preparation for war
- zimmerman telegram
- january 1917 the british intercepted a telegram from the german government offering german support to the mexican government if mexico declared war against the us, offered to return land mexico lost the us
- alliance system
- defense agreement among nations
- militarism
- a rise in military expenditure, an increase in military and naval forces more influence of the military men upon the policies of the civilian government and a preference for force as a solution to problems
- socialist
- person who believes in the political theory supporting collective or government ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods
- sabotage and sedition acts
- passed in 1918 made it a crime to say, print, or write almost anything negative about the government
- dissent
- oppostition
- blockade
- the isolation of an enemy's ports by means fo warships to prevent passage of persons or supplies. to block or prevent the import or export of supplies from a port
- treaty of versailles
- most famous WWI treaty; treaty between germany and the allied powers in which germany accepted full responsibility for the war and agreed to pay reparations; the us did not ratify the treaty
- liberty bonds
- war bond sold to americans, 2/3 of war budget
- four minute speeches
- short patriotic talks given before movies or plays goal was to gain support for the war and sell liberty bonds
- neutrality
- the state of not taking sides especially in a war or dispute
- western front
- the name given to the line of trenches which stretched from the english channel across the battle fields of france and belgium during world war one it was called the western front because it was west of germany
- balance of power
- system that prevents any one country from dominating others
- fourteen points
- the war aims outlined by president wilson in 1918 which he believed would promote lasting peace, called for self determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms, and a league of nations
- triple entente
- pre wwi alliance between great britain, france and russia
- victory gardens
- backyard gardens, americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort
- central powers
- world war one alliance between germany austria-hungary and the ottoman empire
- shell shock
- medical condition caused by prolonged exposure to the distressing experiances of trench warfare
- propaganda
- information given to show something or someone in a baised way
- convoy
- teams of troops ships or equipment
- stalemate
- term used to describe the deadlock on the western front during the first world war one
- American Expenditionary Force
- american troops in europe led by john j pershing
- national war labor board
- board created to ensure the production of vital war materials
- committee on public information
- goal of the committee was to persuade americans the war represented a battle for democracy and freedom
- food administration
- agency created to encourage farmers to produce more and to persuade the public to eat less, the goal was to assure enough food was available for the troops, encourages wheatless mondays meatless tuesdays and porkless thursdays
- reparations
- compensation or payment compensation payable by a defeated nation for damages sustained by another nation as a result of hostilities
- home front
- the name given to the part of war that was not actively involved in the fighting but which was vital to it
- triple alliance
- pre wwi alliance between italy, germany and austria hungary
- national self determination
- right of the people to decide how they should be governed
- war industries board
- supervised the nations industrial production
- selective service act
- established a miltary draft in the united states
- croix de guerre
- french award from bravery (cross of war) henry johnson an african american soldier was the first american to recieve honor
- schlieffen plan
- a strategy drawn up by germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
- sussex pledge
- german pldege to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels before attacking
- armistice day
- 11am november 11 1918 (11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918)