AP History (The Late 18th and 19th centuries)
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- Jane Addams
- Created Hull House to help immigrants learn english, daycare for children, and received the Nobel Peace Prize
- Shay's Rebellion
- 1500 farmers protested in Boston against the unfair Articles of Confederation
- George III
- King of England during the revolution, and made the colonists pay the war debt for the French and Indian war which led to the American Revolution
- Sons of Liberty
- Protesters of new tax laws, they were violent and aggressive. (Boston Tea Party)
- Martin Van Burren
- Democrat, took over presidency during the Panic of 1837, not popular because of the depression
- Bleeding Kansas
- Deaths caused over pro/anti slavery fighting in Kansas. (200 died)
- Ku Klux Klan
- Targeted those who supported reconstruction, and also targeted Republicans
- Loyalists
- Government officials, anglicans, merchants, and slaves who supported the King
- Zachary Taylor
- Whig
- Andrew Jackson
- Pro states rights, distrusted banks and large government programs.
- Andrew Johnson
- Lincoln's Vice President
- German and Irish Immigration
- 1840s and 1850s
- British Burn Washington DC
- War of 1812 time period (happened in 1814)
- Sherman's March Through Georgia
- Union army burned everything in its wake as they marched through Georgia to lower the morale of the Confederates and deplete the Southern resources
- Popular Sovereignty
- Each state would decide by vote if they wanted slavery to be legal in their state or not
- Uncle Tom's Cabin
- Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beacher-Stowe. Read widely in the North and banned in the South
- Free-Soil Party
- Mostly Northerners who supported no slavery in new territories
- Vice Admiralty Courts
- To try violators of the Stamp Act
- Vertical Integration
- Control of all aspects of an industry from production to delivery
- Susan B. Anthony
- Support women's suffrage
- First Continental Congress
- Agreed to boycott British goods
- American Federation of Labor
- Led by Samuel Gompers, he was for higher wages and shorter days.
- Mormon Church
- Accepted polygamy which was not legal in the North and moved to Salt Lake City and led by Joseph Smith
- Thomas Paine
- Wrote Common Sense which was propaganda for independence
- Horace Mann
- Pushed for public education and education reform. Lengthened the school year and created first "normal school" and standardized text books
- John Brown
- Violent abolitionist who killed five pro-slavery men.
- North (civil war)
- Industrial, business, pro band, pro tariff, technologically advanced, good transportation.
- Whiskey Rebellion
- Protest by Pennsylvanian farmers on whiskey tax. Washington sent federal troops to disperse the rebels.
- Interchangeable Parts
- Invented by Eli Whitney. Using the same parts on similar items so that parts are easier to replace
- Booker T Washington
- Black leader who promoted economic independence and a slow transition for blacks into free society
- John Adams
- Second President. Federalist. His greatest achievement was avoiding war with France
- War of 1812
- Against British impressment of American sailors. Made U.S. more independent and boosted our economy.
- Federalists Papers
- Written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
- Assembly Line
- Each worker got one task as the product moved down the assembly line
- French and Indian War
- Also known as the "Seven Years War". Caused by colonists moving into French territory. In the end England gained control of Canada and all land east of the Mississippi
- George Washington
- General in the French and Indian War, in charge of Continental Army, first President
- Yellow Journalism
- Sensationalism in newspapers (writers like Pulitzer and Hurst)
- Boston Tea Party
- Men from Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawks and dumped tea into the ocean
- Mexican-American War
- American citizens were entering Mexican territory but refused to follow all of their laws. (ie becoming catholic and no slavery allowed) Ended with the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo.
- The Grange Movement
- Pro-agriculture farmers who were replaced later by farmer's alliances
- Thomas Edison
- Created light bulb which led to the creation of powerplands
- Lowell System
- (Waltham System) most famous enticement program: promised housing, cash wages, and participation in social company events
- James Buchanan
- Democrat who won presidential election mostly with Southern votes.
- Citizen Edmond Genet
- French government representative asking for assistance for the French Revolution. Sparked support for the French Revolution and led to the creation of the Democratic-Republican party
- William Henry Harrison
- The first Whig president. Died a month after taking office of pneumonia. John Tyler took his place
- Thomas Jefferson
- Wrote the Declaration of Independence, first secretary of state, third president, responsible for the Louisiana Purchase
- Adams' "Midnight Appointments"
- Wanted to fill political positions with Federalists before he left
- Abraham Lincoln
- Republican, Emancipation Proclamation, Civil War. Assassinated, VP Johnson
- Boston Massacre
- Colonists protesting the presence of British soldiers in Boston threw rock filled snowballs at soldiers and they shot at the Americans and killed five
- Indian Removal (Removal Act of 1830)
- Moved Cheroke Indians (Trail of Tears). There was death and starvation along the way.
- XYZ Affair
- Adams sent three diplomats to Paris to negotiate with the French for stealing American ships. The French would not talk until they received a large bribe. The three diplomats were referred to as XYZ (Adams presidency)
- Patriots
- Mostly white protestants and urban artisans who supported the revolution
- James Polk
- Democratic Expansionist
- Millard Fillmore
- Vice President to Buchanan and President after his death
- Whig Party
- opposed one or more Democratic policies. Very religious, some military heros.
- Emerson and Thoreau
- They were transendentalist writers.
- Know-Nothing Party (American Party)
- Anti-foreigner "nativists". The party eventually disappeared because of disagreement on issue of slavery in north and south.
- Second Continental Congress
- Established continental army
- Washington's Farewell Address
- Washington warned people not to make permanent alliances and to stay neutral.
- John Quincy Adams
- Had a corrupt bargain with Henry Clay who was speaker of the house and promised him the job of Secretary of State.
- Battle of Lexington and Concord
- During the American Revolution, known as the "shot heard 'round the world". Minutemen defeated the British army which was thought to be impossible.
- Boss Tweed
- Gang leader of New York City
- Populist Party
- "People's Party" that wanted shorter work days, coinage of silver, direct election of senators, and government owned railroads
- Spoils System
- Trading jobs for political favors
- Committees of Correspondence
- A group set up to raise interest in revolutionary conflict
- South (civil war)
- Mainly agriculture. Tobacco and cotton, pro slavery, anti tariff
- Eli Whitney
- Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
- Utopian Societies
- Shakers, New Harmony, Brook Farm, etc. Isolated "perfect" communities.