CHAPTER 14: RELIGIOUS WARS AND STATE BUILDING
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- From around when to when were the Catholics and Protestants fighting?
- 1540 - 1660.
- Why was this period (1540-1660) one of the most turbulent in English history?
- Price Revolution - new currency was introduced; no gold to back it up.
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What was the Peace of Augsburg?
(German Wars - 1553) - Peace that ended the German religious wars - said that religion of ruler would be the one that the people followed.
- The French Wars pitted whom?
- Catholics vs. Protestants.
- What was the role of Henry of Navarre (Henry IV)?
- He created the Edict of Nantes to restore the prosperity of the country.
- What was the Edict of Nantes?
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A document declaring that the Huguenots be treated with respect; they would have space in the country.
It ended the French wars of religion. -
Revolt in the Netherlands::
Role of William the Silent?
Role of the Duke of Alva? -
William the Silent - got help from other countries to end the war; converted to Protestantism.
Duke of Alva - started the Council of Blood to fight Protestants. - The Thirty Year's War pitted whom?
- Catholics vs. Protestants.
- What was the Peace of Westphalia?
- It was the peace that ended the 30 year's war.
- Who came out as the superpower after the Thirty Year's War? Who suffered?
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France came out as superpower.
Spain lost all power. - Why does Spain decline after the religious wars?
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They lost a lot of money on the wars.
Greatest weakness = economy.
Lacked agricultural and minteral resources. -
Discuss the growing power of France.
Cite:: Cardinal Richelieu & Louis VIX. -
The 30 Years War started the growth of France::
Richelieu - deprived Huguenots; made a new system of local government; doubled crown's income.
Louis - considered one of the greatest leaders of all time. - Descuss the English Civil War.
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Elizabeth I - good rule, poor legacy. (Protestant).
James I - Scottish; more taxes; people unhappy.
Charles I - goes to war with Parliament. (CIVIL WAR).
Cromwell's Commonwealth/Protectorate - establishes Republic; he is Lord Protectorate for life (hereditary). Parlaiment steps in after his death.
Charles II - called back from exile; establish a LIMITED MONARCHY.
James II - Catholic; warming pan baby; calls his sister Mary.
William and Mary - start Glorious Revolution; Protestants return to throne; ensured limited monarchy. - What is a Limited Monarch?
- The king doesn't have complete control, but rules together with Parliament.
- What was the 'Restoration' in English history?
- When their monarchs returned to the throne.