Science Exam 2
Terms
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- the atomic number
- the number of protons in the cell
- evaporation
- when water turns into a gas once it has been heated and rises from the earth into clouds
- food chain
- a sequence in which energy is transfered from one organism to another
- metalloids
- an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals; a hybrid
- ductile
- can be pulled into a wire
- experiment
- the test of a hypothesis and the collection of data
- Deductive reasoning
- taking a lot of information and creating on idea
- independent variable
- The variable that is manipulated during an experiment and is controlled by the experimenter
- convection
- the transfer of energy in a gas or liquid by means of the currents within
- ozone layer
- 90% of ozone that is found in the stratosphere
- II. materials
- the part in the lab report that contains the items necessary to complete the experiment and safety concerns and precautions; is in a bulleted list of column form
- III. procedure
- the part the the lab report that contains a detailed list of the procedure; it identifies the groups (experimental and control) and variables (independent and dependent variable); formatted in numbered sentences
- nitrogen cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
- ozone event
- when tropospheric ozone makes it unhealthy (in varying degrees) to go outside
- IV. Conclusion
- the section is a lab report where you determine if your hypothesis is supported by the data
- chemical symbol
- a symbol for an element on the periodic table
- law of conservation of matter
- the idea that matter is neither created nor destroyed in only changes form
- Montreal protocol
- an agreement that says countries will not produce CFC's
- omnivore
- an organism that eats both plants and meat
- ions
- atoms with a charge either positive of negative
- brownian motion
- the measure of how much molecules move
- mixture
- when you have two things together that are not chemically combined
- why hot air rises
- because it is less dense then cold air
- experimental group
- group with treatment; testing to independent variable or hypothesis
- herbivore
- an organism that eats only plants
- cloud seeding
- man-made precipitation that occurs when humans fill clouds with iodine particles
- heat
- the total energy of the random movement of molecules of a substance/object
- six months old
- how old your current event for science can be
- product
- the chemical compounds on the left of an arrow pointing right
- Error
- problem with an experiment
- atomic mass
- the number of protons and neutron in the cell combined
- thermosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains single atoms, space shuttles that orbit; temperature increases as you go up
- celsius/fahrenheit/kelvin
- different ways of measuring temperature
- nonmetals
- an element that is brittle and does not conduct electricity well
- scientific method
- thinking process that scientist use to solve problems or answer questions
- element
- a material consisting of only one type of atom
- atomic theory of matter
- 1) all elements of made up of atoms which are "indivisible" particles 2) atoms that are made up of the same element are exactly alike 3) atoms of different elements have different properties 4) atoms are not changed by chemical reactions 5) compound are formed when elements combine 6) compounds are defined by the number, type, and proportion of atoms
- title
- the part in a lab report that names the topic in a descriptive and specific way; it is centered on the top of the page
- aquifer
- an underground place where water is stored
- lab report
- process to document scientific method which can be shared or replicated to otheres
- trophic level
- each step in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
- greenhouse gasses
- gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect; absorb and radiate heat
- I. introduction
- the part in a lab report that contains the background information, purpose of the experiment, and hypothesis to be tested; it is in full sentences and paragraph form
- inductive reasoning
- taking an idea and applying it to other situations
- reactant
- the chemical compounds on the right of an arrow pointing right
- organic forms of compounds
- compounds that can be used on earth
- temperature
- the measure of heat
- hypothesis
- the making of an educated prediction that solves a problem or answers a question
- Biotic factors
- the living components of an ecosystem
- cellular respiration
- the process of breaking down food to yield energy
- ultraviolet radiation
- harmful radiation that is absorbed/deflected by the ozone layer
- subscript
- the number of atoms of one element
- Human error
- a mistake a human made while following the procedure
- groups
- columns (I-VII) on the periodic table
- chloroplast
- place in the cell where photosynthesis takes place
- atmosphere
- the layer of air and gasses that surround the earth
- brittle
- breakable, shatters
- mesosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains shooting stars and meteors; the temperature decreases as you go up
- transpiration
- the evaporation of water from plants
- 1st law of thermodynamics
- energy is conserved
- radiation
- the travel of energy in waves or rays
- electron
- a subatomic particle with a negative charge
- metals
- an element that is ductile, malleable, and conducts electricity well
- mitochondria
- place in the cell where cellular respiration takes place
- precipitation
- rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls back to earth after it has gotten heavy enough in its condensed form that gravity pulls it back to earth
- water cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of water through an ecosystem, which involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation
- compound
- two or more atoms that are chemically combined
- IV. data
- the part in the lab report that contains the raw data collected in a table
- conductors
- substances that transfer heat energy easily
- carnivore
- an organism that eats only meat
- absolute zero
- the coldest temperature their can be, zero kelvin, contains no brownian motion
- Niche
- the animals relationship and interaction within its environment
- matter
- what everything is made out of
- sustainable
- able to survive on its own
- inorganic forms of compounds
- compounds that cannot be used on earth
- Dependent variable
- the variable that changes in response to the independent variable and that is measured by the experimenter(results of the experiment)
- particulate matter
- pieces of "stuff" in the atmosphere
- to control
- creating only one independent variable in order to minimize the risk of experimental error
- qualitative
- word descriptions
- ozone hole
- a very thin section in the ozone layer over Antarctica where UV rays can get through and cause damage to human heath and vegitation
- troposphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains life and weather; the temperature decreases as you go up
- smog
- ground level ozone
- V. analysis
- the part of the lab report that contains a graph of the data and can include a full sentences in paragraph form
- physical change
- the state of matter changes but the chemical structure does not
- environmental issues
- global warming, deforestation, urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, emissions, animal extinction
- data table
- raw data that is organized in a table
- neutrons
- a subatomic particle with a neutral charge
- tropopause
- the transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere
- periods
- rows (1-7) on the periodic table
- food pyramid-10% rule
- in a food pyramid only 10% of the energy is transfered from one level to the next
- stratopause
- the transition between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
- chlorofluorocarbons
- man-made chemical substance that depletes the ozone layer
- mesopause
- the transition between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
- stratospheric ozone
- good ozone that keeps out ultraviolet radiation
- tropospheric ozone
- ozone that s hazardous to human heath and vegetation; 10% of ozone
- variable
- something that changes
- periodic table
- the table of elements
- 3rd law of thermodynamics
- zero kelvin=absolute zero=no brownian motion
- protons
- a subatomic particle with a positive charge
- producer
- an organism that makes its own food
- habitat
- the physical environment in which and organism lives
- malleable
- can be flattened
- states of matter
- solid, liquid, gas, plasma
- nucleus
- where the protons and neutrons are found in an atom
- consumer
- an organism that gets its energy by eating other animals
- Abiotic factors
- the nonliving components of an ecosystem
- photosynthesis
- the process of converting sunlight to energy by absorbing sunlight that triggers a chemical reactions which uses the sunlight along with water and carbon dioxide to create sugar
- observation
- the process of observing the experiment; gaining background knowledge on the topic of an experiment in order to identify a problem of question
- insulators
- substances that do not easily transfer heat energy
- carbon cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
- Ecosystem
- all the different biotic and abiotic factors in a certain area, along with the physical enviorment
- quantitative
- numeral descriptions
- conduction
- the transfer of energy between the particles of matter (typically a solid)
- Control group
- group with out treatment; original group; the group all other things are compared to
- coefficient
- the number in front of the chemical compound; does not have to be there
- stratosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature increases as you go up
- atom
- the smallest particles of matter
- experimental error
- a flaw in the design of the procedure
- exosphere
- there the atmosphere turns into space; temperature decreases as you go up
- chemical change
- the chemical structure changes from the reaction to the product