ANTH/RELS 317
Introduction to Biblical Archaeology
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- nahal
- Hebrew for dry river bed
- Emphasis on Agriculture EB1
- Wine and figs
- Early Bronze III
- 2700 - 2300 BC
- Broad house
- door through the long side of the house, chal
- EB 1 Pottery
- Red-burnished, gray burnished (looks like basalt), and line painted pottery
- Dunnage
- Ulub, packing material used on ship
- Teleilat Ghassul
- Ghussulian Culture, Chal
- Etiology
- explanation of the causes of the biblical "rephaim" giants, and greek "cyclopean" wall
- Pistacia
- Ulub, resin used in mummification
- Venus of Beer Sheva
- Ivory statuette meant to represent fertility, Chal
- Late Chalcolithic period
- is also proto urban period, but is actually EB1
- "Torque-bearers"
- EB4/MB1, Autichthonous pastoral nomads
- First Egyptian pharoh
- EB1, Narmer, 3100 BC, first meaning the first pharaoh to wear both crowns of upper and lower egypt
- Uluburun Shipwreck
- Ulub, ancient merchant ship off coast of Turkey
- Chisel-shaped axes
- MB2B-C, more narrow axe
- Cornet
- corn shaped pottery
- Early Bronze I
- 3300 - 3050 BC
- Beer Resisim
- EB4/MB1 settlement plan compared to sheik mushein, the same
- platters
- EB2-3, very large platters that suggest communal eating
- cylinder seal impressions
- EB2-3, used to decorate pottery
- Middle Bronze IIA
- 2000 - 1800/1750 BC
- Thutmose III
- overthrew the Hyksos from Egyptian throne
- omphalos bowls
- EB1, belly button bowls, bump in middle of bowl
- Megiddo Temples
- EB2-3, there were three
- Enuma Elish
- "when on high", Mesopotamian creation story
- Ghassulian Culture
- First finding of culture - Teleilat Ghassul, Chal
- Woman with Churn and Ram with cornets
- Chal
- transhumance
- EB4/MB1 seasonal moving of flocks to the lowlands in the winter and highlands during summer
- Bichrome ware
- "2 colors" red & black. Cyprus, Megiddo
- Ben Shemen
- First finding of stone ossuary, Chal
- upper egypt
- actually lower geographically
- glacis
- sloping wall up to the top of the fortification wall
- Pillow Ingots
- Ulub, rectangular ingot
- "Duckbilled Axe"
- MB2A, Continuations of "Eye-axe" and "epsilon axe"
- 18th Dynasty
- LB, Egyptian dynasty
- Khirbet Kerak Ware
- EB2-3, burnished decorated ware
- Late Bronze IIB
- 1300 - 1200 BC
- amphoriskos
- EB1, little closed vessel, possibly for perfume
- Shasu
- LB nomads
- Tel Gerisa
- MB2B-C, brick-covered glacis
- 4-spouted lamps
- EB4/MB 1
- Nawamis
- EB1, mosquitoes, round burials thought to be some sort of escape from mosquitoes
- Lack of forts at Canaanite sites
- LB, Believed that Egypt wouldn't allow them
- Tiamat
- great goddess
- Marduk
- god, savior of humans
- Pithos
- Ulub, pottery crates, china barrels
- Sekhemhet wall relief
- EB2-3, Egyptian turquoise mining site
- Gezer
- MB2B-C, Glacis with interlocking levels, open cult center
- Early Bronze II
- 3050 - 2700 BC
- Ossuary burials
- chal, secondary burial in a ceramic box, found near shores
- Epsilon axe
- EB2-3, found at Kfar Monash hoard
- Late Bronze IIA
- 1400 - 1300 BC
- Basalt high fenestrated bowls
- Chal, bowl with fenestrated bottom
- Rhyton
- Ulub, drinking cups
- Bab edh-Dhra Burials
- EB1, Shaft tombs and round burials, charnel house
- Northern EB4/MB1 pottery
- flat bottom
- Alphabetic scrypt
- LB, Ugarithic, Proto-Canaanite, Proto-Sinaitic
- Middle Bronze IIB-C
- 1800/1750 - 1550 BC
- writing
- MB2B-C, Akkadian, possible early Canaanite
- Chalcolithic temple of Ein Gedi
- Nothing found in temple, it is thought that the treasure from the cave of treasure is from here
- Hazor
- MB2B-C head of all kingdoms
- Late Bronze IA
- 1550 - 1470 BC
- "Metallic ware"
- EB2-3, very well fired pottery, that seemed like it was metallic
- Arad the living and dying God
- EB2-3, sumerian dumuzi
- Hurrians, Hittites
- MB2B-C, additional powers in region
- Amarna letters
- LB, diplomatic letters
- Orthostats
- LB, stone slabs
- Early Bronze IV/Middle Bronze I
- 2300/2250 - 2000 BC
- Iion Orthostat
- LB, 2 lion orthostats found at Hazor
- Late Bronze IB
- 1470 - 1400 BC
- Sheikh Mushein
- EB2-3, cyro-Canaanite site in southern Sinai related to the search and trade of copper
- Anthropoid coffins
- LB, human-shaped coffins
- The Hyksos
- MB2B-C, hekav khasut (foreign rulers) rule Egypt
- Tel Dan, Ashkelon
- MB2B-C, City gates
- violin shaped figure
- represents a woman
- Tel Erani
- EB1, Egyptian administrative center, Serekh with name of Narmer
- Arad
- EB2-3, single settlement site, had connections with Sinai for bringing back copper
- Beit Yerah Granary
- EB2-3, surplus of grain for trade, possibly a small temple, indicates social organization
- Circle cities
- EB4/MB1 Har Tsayad, Ein Ziq
- apsidial houses
- EB 1, Bullet shaped, also there were curvilinear, elliptical and round houses
- Old Kingdom
- EB 1, dynasties III-VI
- Type of rule during LB
- Egyptian hegemony over Canaan
- Canaanites
- MB2A, origins from northern palestine
- Avaris (Tell el Daba)
- MB2B-C, Hyksos temple
- Archaic period
- EB1, dynasties I-II
- Glass ingots
- Ulub, 1st glass ingots ever found
- EB4/MB1 Arid regions
- seemed to prefer arid areas
- Patriarchal Narratives
- believed to take place in MB2B-C
- Ebla
- EB1, Syria found writing of Sumerian influence
- Result of Egyptian rule of Canaan
- LB, Breakdown of Canaanite culture
- Canaanite jars
- Ulub, amphora, used in sea transport
- The Execration Texts
- MB2A, lists of cities and settlements in Israel
- Yarmuth
- EB2-3, gigantic fortification wall
- Ain Samiya Goblet
- EB4/MB1, representations of the Enuma Elish
- Wadi
- Arabic for dry river bed
- 12th Dynasty of Egypt
- MB2A
- Beer Sheva Culture
- Bir Mater, Bir Safadi, Gilat Shiquim, Chal
- Urbanization EB2-3
- cities with walls, temples and social organizations
- lower egypt
- actually upper geographically
- subterranean dwellings
- underground dwellings at Beer Sheva, Chal
- ledge handles
- EB2-3, handles sticking out of pottery
- The Cave of treasure
- chal, nahal mishmar, first example of the "lost-wax" casting process
- Timna
- LB, site of copper mining, Egyptian temple
- Judean Desert
- Ein Gedi & Nahl Mishmar, Chal
- Kites
- EB1, symbol that identifies cyro-Canaanites
- Collapse and end of early bronze age
- continuing egyptian attack, Uni's campaign to Asia, seaborne assault, troops landed behind the "antelopes nose"
- Burial customs EB4/MB1
- Megalithic dolmens covered by tumuli, shaft tombs and tumulus
- "arad house"
- EB2-3, broadhouse with benches on all sides and stones in the middle to support a roof
- The five cities of the plain
- EB2-3, sodom, gomorrah, admeah, zeboim, zoar
- Foss Temple
- LB, Lachish ivories, Megiddo ivories
- "teapot"
- EB1, of Mesopotamian influence
- Ship design?
- Ulub, shell-based design
- 19th Dynasty
- LB, Seti I, Ramses II, Battle of Kadesh
- :"Eye-axe"
- EB4/MB1, developed from Epsilon axe
- Freestanding Ramparts
- forts defending areas of land, not on a Tel
- Kfar Monash Hoard
- EB2-3, best collection of copper tools and weapons
- Chalcolithic Period
- 4300 - 3300 BC
- Mari
- MB2A, source of tin, in Northern Syria
- Corinated pottery
- shapes derived from metal prototypes
- Southern EB4/MB1 pottery
- globular shape