Chapter 22
Terms
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- Federal Trade Commission Act 1914
- Created a 5 member federal watchdog agency with the power to investigate suspected violations of federal regulatory statues and had to report them
- Niagara Movement
- In 1905 under Du Bois, the Afro-American Council had meetings and met annually
- Joseph G. Cannon
- He prevented most reform bills from even reaching a vote. The Insurgents' joined with the Dems to pass and amendment to the rules.
- Ida Tarbell
- She wrote magazine exposes which exposes appeared in book form like History of the Standard Oil Company (1904)
- Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act (1906)
- Roosevelt passed these Acts which required accurate labeling of ingredients, imposed strict sanitary requirements for meatpackers, and created a program of federal meat inspection.
- Hepburn Act 1906
- This Act tightened existing railroad regulation. Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates and to examine railroad's financial records.
- Clayton Antitrust Act 1914
- This Act listed specific illegal activities like selling a loss to monopolize market.
- Booker T. Washington
- Born in slavery, he e insisted that once blacks would prove their economic value to society, racism would fade away. Meanwhile they must accept what they were going through at the moment
- John Muir
- President of the Sierra Club who also started the Boys Scouts (1910) and the Girl Scouts (1912)
- coal mining strike
- This strike happened in 1902 to gain higher wages and get the United Mine Workers Union recognized. TR acted and threatened to take over the mines.
- Herbert Croly
- He wrote the The Promise of American Life (1909) where he called for an activist fed govn't of the kind Hamilton had advocated in the 1790s but one that would serve all citizens, not merely the capitalist class.
- Gifford Pinchot
- He campaigned for conservation, planned, regulated use of the nation's forest lands for various public and commercial purposes.
- W.E.B Du Bois
- First African American to get a Ph.D. He rejected Washington's call for patience and the exclusive cultivation of manual skills. Demanded full access and opportunities.
- Theodore Roosevelt
- In 1906, he was elected President. His 1st term was in 1901. Pursued labor mediation, consumer protection, conservation, business virtue and activism abroad.
- Muller v. Oregon
- in 1908 the Supreme Court held a 10 hr law for women laundry workers. Defending the constitutionality of the Oregon law was Louis Brandeis who offered economic and medical evidence on the harmful effects of long hours on women workers.
- Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
- Nicknamed wobbolies were led by William D. Haywood
- Robert La Follette "Fighting Bob
- He began transforming state govn't and transforming municipal govn't. Adopted the direct primary system, set up a commission to regulate railroads, increased corporate taxes, and passed a law limiting campaign spending.
- Ida Wells-Barnett
- rejected Washington's views
- Anti-Saloon League(ASL)
- In 1895, this League's shifted to the legal abolition of alcohol.
- Margaret Sanger
- the leader of the birth control movement, who publicized the cause by sending strikers' children to sympathizers in NYC for temporary foster care
- Federal Reserve Act
- In 1913 this Act was passed which created a network of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks under mixed public and private control
- Samuel M. "Golden Rule" Jones
- In Ohio, he introduced profit sharing in his factory, established playgrounds, free kindergartens, and lodging houses for tramps.
- Danbury Hatters case
- In 1908 the supreme court limited unions' right to set up boycotts in support of strikes.
- William Howard Taft
- In 1908 the Republican party nominated him as President
- The Ballinger- Pinchot affair
- Richard A Ballinger approved the sale of several million acres of public lands in Alaska containing rich coal deposits. Then he sold it to NY bankers. Louis R. Glavis protested these actions and Ballinger was fired.
- Triangle Shirtwaist fire
- In 1911 this fire broke out in NY killing hundreds of people, mostly women, who were trapped behind the doors
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman
- She wrote Women and Economics(1898) that traced the history of sexual discrimination. Argued that confining women to the domestic sphere had become outdated.
- 16th Amendment
- This Amendment imposed an income tax.
- John Dewey
- He transformed more educational ideas at the University of Chicago. He said that a just & harmonious society could be built though the intelligent application of scientific method to social problems.
- Alice Paul
- Being impatient with NAWSA's state-by-state approach, she founded the Congressional Union later renamed the Woman's Party to bring direct pressure of the fed govn't to enact woman suffrage amendment. Picketed the White House 1917
- Alton B. Parker
- In 1908 the Democratic party nominated him as President. He had a platform that called for a lower tariff, denounced the trusts and embraced the cause of labor.
- Election of 1912
- Woodrow Wilson won. His organization was called the Bull Moose party
- Socialist Party of America (SPA)
- In 1900 the Dem socialists formed this party including Morris Hillquit, Victor Berger, and Eugene V. Debs, the Indiana labor leader who had converted to socialism during him imprisonment after the 1894 Pullman strike.
- Payne-Aldrich Act
- This Act raised the rates on hundreds of items.
- Woman's Christian Temperance Union
- Supporte the Anti-Saloon League
- Elkins Act 1903
- stiffened the penalties against railroad rebates to favored shippers.
- Oswald Garrison Villard
- Along with Du Bois, they formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that called for full political rights & racism
- National Reclamation Act of 1902
- This Act earmarked the proceeds of public sales for water management in the SW and set up the Reclamation Service to plan irrigation projects
- Federal Reserve Board
- The Federal Reserve Act was put under this board's contorl consisting of the secretary of the treasure, the comptroller of the currency, and several other members appointed by the P for 14 year terms.
- Federal Reserve notes
- Each regional bank was authorized to issue currency called this, to the private banks in its district. The Banks could use them to make loans to corporations
- muckrakers
- This is what President Roosevelt called the authors of of articles exposing urban political corruption & corporate wrongdoing, which in his opion were too one sided
- 17th Amendment
- By 1913, this Amendment shifted the election of US senators from state legislatures to the voters at large.
- Insurgents
- reform-minded Rep legislators, nicknamed this, turned against Taft after a battle over the tariff.
- Henry Demarest Lloyd
- He wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth, when the depression came in 1894