Grade 7 - Math
Terms
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- cross product
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A method used to solve proportions and test whether ratios are equal:
a/b=c/d if ad=bc - equivalent ratios
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Ratios that are equal.
Example:
5/4=10/8; 5:4=10:8 - rate
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[1]Fixed ratio between two things;
[2]A comparison of two different kinds of units, for example, miles per hour or dollars per hour. - unit rate
- The rate in lowest terms.
- percent
- A number expressed in relation to 100, represented by the symbol%.
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circle graph
(pie chart) - A way of displaying statistical data by dividing a circle into proportionally-sized "slices".
- absolute value
- A number's distance from zero on the number line.
- mixed number
- A number composed of a whole number and a fraction.
- terminating decimal
- A decimal with a finite number of digits.
- repeating decimal
- A decimal in which a digit or a set of digits repeat infinitely.
- reciprocal
- The result of dividing a given quantity into q.
- inverse operations
- Operations that undo each other.
- factor
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A number or expression that is multiplied by another to yield a product.
Example:
3 and 11 are factors of 33 - multiple
- The product of a given number and an integer.
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least common multiple
(LCM) - The smallest nonzero whole number that is a multiple of two or more whole numbers.
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greatest common factor
(GCF) - The greatest number that is a factor of two or more numbers.
- prime number
- A whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself.
- composite number
- A number exactly divisible by at least one whole number other than itself and 1.
- prime factorization
- The expression of a composite number as a product of its prime factors.
- proportion
- A statement that two ratios are equal.
- ratio
- A comparison of two numbers.
- similarity
- Having the same shape, but not necessarily the same size.
- scale factor
- The factor by which all the components of an object are multiplied in order to create a proportional enlargement or reduction.
- polyhedron
- A solid geometrical figure that has four or more plane faces.
- triangular prism
- A polygon that has three sides.
- rectangular prism
- A prism that has six rectangular faces.
- cube
- (v.)To multiply a number by itself and then by itself again.
- hexagonal prism
- A prism that has two hexagonal bases and six rectangular sides.
- length
- A measure of the distance of an object from end to end.
- base
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[1]The side or face on which a three-dimensional shape stands;
[2]The number of characters a number system contains. - face
- A two-dimensional side of a three-dimensional figure.
- radius
- A line segment from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
- diameter
- A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and divides it in half.
- circumference
- The distance around a circle, calculated by multiplying the diameter by the value pi.
- solid
- A three-dimensional shape.
- prism
- A solid figure that has two parallel, congruent polygonal faces (called bases).
- pyramid
- A solid geometrical figure that has a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common vertex.
- cylinder
- A solid shape with parallel circular bases.
- cone
- A solid consisting of a circular base and one vertex.
- sphere
- A perfectly round grometric solid, consisting of a set of points equidistant from a center point.
- net
- A two-dimensional plan that can be folded to make a three-dimensional model of a solid.
- isometric drawing
- A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object in which parallel edges are drawn as parallel lines.
- transformation
- A msthematical process that changes the shape or position of a geometric figure.
- box plot
- A diagram, constructed from a set of numerical data, that shows a box indicating the middle 50% of the ranked statistics, as well as the maximum, minimum and medium statistics.
- minimum value
- The least value of a function or a set of number.
- maximum value
- The greatest value of a function or a set of numbers.
- range
- In statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a sample.
- mean
- The quotient obtained when the sum of the numbers in a set is divided by the number of addends.
- median
- The middle number in an ordered set of numbers.
- mode
- The number of element that occurs most frequently in a set of data.
- histogram
- A graph in which statistical data is represented by blocks of proportionally-sized areas.
- stem-and-leaf plot
- A method of presenting numerical data between 1 and 99 by separating each number into its ten-digit (stem) and its unit-digit (leaf) and then arranging the data in ascending order of the ten-digits.
- variable
- A letter or other symbol that represents a number or set of numbers in an expression or an equation.
- dependent event
- A group of happenings, each of which affects the probability of the occurence of the others.
- independent event
- An event in which the outcome does not influence the outcome of other events.
- order of operations
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To find the answer to an equation, follow this four step process:
1)do all operations with parentheses first;
2)simplify all numbers with exponents;
3)multiply and divide in order from left to right;
4)add and subtract in order from left to right. - like terms
- Terms that include the same variables raised to the same powers. Like terms can be combined.
- rule
- A statement that describes a relationship between numbers or objects.
- multiplicative inverse
- The product of a number and its multiplicative inverse is 1. The multiplicative inverse of 2/3 is 3/2.
- additive inverse
- The opposite of an integer. The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is zero.
- parentheses
- The enclosing symbols (), which indicate that the terms within are a unit.
- percent of change
- A ratio that compares the change in quantity to the original amount.
- percent of increase
- When the original quantity is increased.
- percent of decrease
- When the original quantity is decreased.
- wholesale
- The sale of goods in large quantities usually for resale by a retail merchant.
- retail
- The sale of commodities or goods in small quantities directly to consumers.
- markup
- The increase in price when stores sell items for more than they paid in order to make a profit.
- sales tax
- An additional amount of money charged on items that people buy.
- commission
- A fee paid based on a percentage of sales.
- discount
- The amount by which the regular price of an item is reduced. The sakes price is the regular rpice minus the discount.
- sale price
- The regular price minus the discount.
- dilation
- The transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure.
- height
- The length of the segment perpendicular to the base with endpoints on opposite sides. In a triangle, the distance from a base to the opposite vertex.
- box-and-whisker plot
- A diagram that summarizes data by dividing it into four parts.
- lower quartile
- The median of the lower half of data.
- upper quartile
- The median of the upper half of data.
- interquartile range
- The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile.
- bar graph
- A method of comparing data by using solid bars to represent quantities.
- outliers
- A number separated from the rest of the data.
- frequency table
- Shows the number of pieces of data that fall within given intervals.
- interval
- Separates the scale into equal parts.
- indirect measurement
- Measurement that uses similar figures to find the length, width, or height of objects that are too difficult to measure directly.
- quartile
- Can refer to any of the four parts of a box-and-whisker plot. Each quartile contains one-fourth, or 25% of the data.
- measure of central tendency
- Used to describe the center of data. The most common are the mean, median, and mode.
- evaluate
- Find the value of powers by multiplying the factors.
- domain
- The set of input values.
- input
- The number you start with in a function.
- output
- The end result of a function.
- equivalent expressions
- Expressions that have the same value.
- coefficient
- The numerical factor of a term that contains a variable.
- exponents
- Tells how many times the base is used as a factor.
- proper fraction
- A fraction where the numerator is smaller than the denominator.
- improper fraction
- A fraction where the denominator is larger than the numerator.
- density
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Mass over volume
m/v - space figure
- A 3 dimensional object.
- bird's eye view
- Look from the top down.
- isometric dot paper
- Used to draw space figures
- simplify
- To reduce
- interest
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Simple interest is the amount paid or earned for the use of money.
Use the formula: I=prt - lateral face
- Faces (sides) of space figures not including the bases(s).
- lateral area
- The surface area of a prism, cylinder, pyramid, or cone not including the base(s).
- middle quartile, median
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Middle quartile is used with box plots/box-and-whisker plots.
The middle number in a set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order If the data has an even number, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. - regular price
- The price before discounts are taken or tax is added.
- corresponding angles
- Angles that the same position on two different parallel lines cut by the transversal.
- corresponding parts
- Parts on congruent or similar figures that match.