Brainstem 3 and 4
Terms
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- The PPRF on one side talks to CN IV on the ____ side. And via the ______ on the contra side.
- Ipsi; MLF
- The left frontal eye field will project neurons to the...
- Contralateral PPRF
- PPRF's function
- Coordinated movement of both eyes in same direction with 2 different cranial nerves.
- a lesion between CN III nucleus and CN VI nucleus in MLF
- INO - Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
-
In INO (Left MLF lesion), how do the eye positions appear WHEN
1. looking straight ahead
2. looking to the left
3. looking to the right
4. convergence -
1. normal
2. normal
3. left eye stays straight, right eye turns normally with nystagmus
4. normal - The problem in INO is due to a faulty connection between
- CN III and CN VI
- CN III exits through the...
- interpeduncular fossa
- Nuclei in the "eggs in the basket"
- CN IV (MLF right below)
- Pathway of the pupillary light reflex
- optic nerve > chiasm and into both optic tracts > through lateral geniculate into occipital cortex > some fibers go to midbrin and stimulate Edinger-Westphal Nuclei bilaterally causing constriction!
- Parasympathetic nucleus associated with CN III
- Edinger-Westphal
- Origin of sympathetic fibers going to the pupil
- Superior cervical ganglion piggybacking on blood vessels to get into the eye.
- Found on surface of one side of CN III
- Parasympathetic fibers (EWN) that are prone to damage from nearby tumors or PCA berry aneurysms.
- Lesion of EWN affects the...
- pupil reflex. As tumor/aneurysm gets larger, can affect motor of III as well.
- Vasa nervorum of CN III provides blood to the...
- parasympathetic part of the nerve
- Central blood vessel of CN III provides blood to the
- motor part of the nerve
- Patient presents with diplopia, but with pupils that work correctly...
- Diabetic 3rd
- Patient presents with normal eye movements, but only has one normal working pupil, or unequal pupils...
- Neurological emergency (aneurysm, etc.)
- In Mollaret's triangle, the red nucleus communicates with the ________ via the ________.
- inferior olivary nucleus; central tegmental tract
- In Mollaret's triangle, the contralateral dentate nucleus communicates with the ______ via the ________
- red nucleus; superior cerebral peduncle
- Lesion in central tegmental tract before fibers reach the inf. olivary nucleus. Presents as clicking in ear.
- palatal myoclonus
- What tracts are found in the cerebral peduncles?
- corticospinal and corticobulbar
- medial fibers of the cerebral peduncle
- somatotropic region of the face
- Melds into internal capsule
- cerebral peduncle
- Anterior 2/3 of posterior limb of internal capsule
- Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers
- Posterior 1/3 of posterior limb of internal capsule
- Sensory fibers headed into the post-central gyrus
- Fibers that come off lateral geniculate and go to occipital lobe
- Retrolenticular portion of internal capsule
- A lacune in the leg portion of the corticospinal tract would cause
- contralateral leg weakness. Possibly arm weakness and sensory defects
- Pathway of corticospinal tract
- enters in the internal capsule post. limb. Goes into cerebral peduncle into the pons. Fibers broken into fasicle, then go into pyramid and the lateral corticospinal tract decussates to opposite side. Ventral CST remains ventral
- Nucleus not bilaterally innervated by CN VII
- Lower half of CN VII. Sometimes, neither is CN XII
- Lesion of CN VII after leaving the skull
- Bell's palsy. Caused by viruses or parotid tumors. COMPLETE facial hemiparesis
- Location of lesion sparing the forehead with bottom half hemiparesis
- Corticobulbar tract. Considered stroke until otherwise proven.
- Seam down middle of thalamus
- intralaminar nuclei
- Swelling in middle of thalamus
- centromedian nucleus
- Most caudal nuclei of thalamus
- pulvinar and geniculate bodies
- Branchium of inf. colliculus synapses with the
- medial geniculate, functioning in hearing
- Superior colliculus synapses with the
- lateral geniculate (sight). Striped.
- Tract that the geniculate bodies are a part of
- tectospinal
- Neurons from corpora quadrigemina go to motor neurons in the...
- neck
- In caudal thalamus, this is one ot the intralaminar nuclei that separates the dorsal and ventral tier
- centromedian nucleus
- Receives the superimposed spinothalamic tract and medial lemniscus pathway
- VPL
- Receives the 2 heads of homunculi whic are the trigeminothalamic tract
- VPM
- Location of where stimulator placement will stop a right-sided tremor
- Left ventral intermedial nucleus (Vim)
- Rostrally replaces the substantia nigra
- subthalamic nucleus
- Stimulator here will help all Parkinson's symptoms on other side of body
- Subthalamic nucleus. Damage here might cause hemibalismus.
- Pathway from mammilary bodies to anterior thalamic nucleus...
- mammilothalamic tract
- Loop-de-loop pathway surrounding the zona insertia
- Fields of Forel
- Papez's loop pathway
- hippocampus > fimbria > fornix > mammilary bodies > MTT > ant. thalamic nucleus > cingulate gyrus > cingulum > hippo..................
- Alzheimer's patient with degeneration of the hippocampus will show a _____ of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle
- widening
- Function of the septal nuclei
- pleasure
- Other inputs of septal nuclei
- olfactory, and memory from diagonal band of Broca
- Puts brakes on pleasure drive. Doesn't function well in OC people
- nucleus accumbens septi
- Brings cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus
- Nucleus basalis of Mynert
- Olfactory stria leading to hippocampus, amygdala, and rhinal cortex. Most important memory evoker.
- Lateral olfactory stria
- Olfactory stria leading to the septal nuclei and hypothalamus.
- Medial olf. stria
- Feeding nuclei of hypothalamus
-
lateral - feeding center
ventromedial - satiety center - Temperature nuclei of hypothalamus
-
Ant. and preoptic - heat sensory
Posterior - cold sensory and sleep arousal - Body rhythm nuclei
-
Posterior - cold sensory and sleep arousal. Works with reticular formation, feeding back into pineal gland (which releases melatonin).
Also, suprachiasmatic - circadian rhythm. Receives fibers from retina. - Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei release BOTH of these hormones into posterior pituitary
- oxytocin and vasopressin.
- Clumps of vasopressin and oxytocin heading into neurohypophysis
- Herring bodies
- Vein system connecting without capillary beds
- portal system (anterior pituitary from hypothalamus)