Anatomy Final Rvw
Terms
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- inferior border of the mandible
- what is the superior border (base) of the anterior cervival triangle
- Pleura
- Serous membrane covering the thoracic cav and covering the LUNGS
- Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)
- Divides body or structures into anterior & posterior portions (front & back)
- Adduction
- movement bringing an extremity towards the midine
- connective tissue
- what is the most abundant type of tissue in the body
- Solvent
- that part of the solution present in the GREATER amount
- mucous membrane
- lines a cav that opens directly to the outside, includes entire respiratory, digestive, reproductive & much of urinary system Acts as a barrier against microbes & other pathogens
- tendons
- connects muscle to bone
- Periosteum
- covers bone; essential for bone growth, repair & nutrition
- Elastic
- Cartilage maintains the shape of organs, found in epiglottis, external part of ear (pinna), auditory tube/ eustacion tube
- trunk (torso)
- What is the region of the body to which the upper & lower extremities are attached
- extension
- a muscle action that increases the angle of a joint (extending/ straightening)
- tunica intima
- this coat is a continuous layer of cells which line the entire cardiovascular system.
- microsopic anatomy
- the study of the structures of the body with the use of a microscope
- Hypertonic solution
- this solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water (solvent)
- Adipose
- consists of cells specialized to store fat. Found around the heart, kidneys, yellow bone marrow, & behind the eye socket
- ligaments
- connects bone to bone
- exocrine glands, endocrine glands, heterocrine glands
- 3 types of glandular epithelium
- capillary
- minute vessel which carries blood from arterioles to venules. (endothelial lining only, no 3 layers)
- cephalad, cephalic cranial, superior
- 4 terms for towards the head, away from the feet
- pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
- what are the 3 major types of serous membranes
- mediastinum
- a broad median partition located between the neck & diaphragm. Extends from the breastbone (sternum) to the vertebral column, situated between the lungs
- Pericardium
- serous membrane lining heart cavity and covering the heart
- diffusion
- the MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES oR other particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of low concentration until a UNIFORM concentration is reached.
- organ
- composed of 2 or more tissues arranged to perform a specific function
- vava vasorum
- blood vessels that supply another blood vessel
- conducting arteries (large size arteries / elastic arts)
- Aorta and its larger branches - innominate, common carotid, subclavian & common illiac arts are these kind of arteries
- Parasaggital Plane (Vertical Plane)
- vertical plane that runs through the body and separates it into UNequal right and left portions
- Posterior (dorsal)
- Towards the back, closer to the back of the body
- inferior, caudal
- 2 terms for located towards the feet, away from the head
- Collateral circulation
- alternate route of blood to a body part.
- medial deep
- where does the common carotid artery lie in relation to the internal jugular vein
- thoracic, abdomenal, pelvic
- The anterior cavity is divided into:
- flexion
- muscle action that DEcreases the angle of a joint (bending)
- shrink and die (crenation)
- This solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of solvent, water molecules will move out of the rbc faster than they can enter which causes the cell to (hypertonic soln)
- hyaline/gristle, fibro cartilage, elastic
- 3 types of cartilage
- Hemolysis
- the process of rupturing a red blood cell.
- proximal
- located closer to the point of attachment of an extremity to the trunk of the body
- Anatomical Limit (anatomical extent)
- Point of origin and termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures
- anatomical position
- Subject is standing erect facing observer, feet are flat on the floor, upper extrems are at the sid'es, palms of hands are facing forwards (anteriorly)
- Supination
- act of rotating the forearm so the palms are facing anteriorly (superiorly)
- Medium sized (muscular / distributing arteries)
- the tunica media of this artery will contain more smooth muscle than elastic fibers
- inguinal ligament
- what is the superior border (base) of the femoral triangle
- skeletal MUSCLE
- Striated & voluntary
- Prone position
- Subject lying face down - the anterior surface is face down, laying on abdomen
- vertebral cavity
- which cavity contains the medulla oblongata
- midline of the neck
- what is the medial border of the anterior cervical triangle
- rt hypochondriac rt lumbar, rt inguinal/ilias region, epigastric, umbilical, region, hypogastric region, left hypochondriac region, left lumbar, left inguinal/ilias region
- 9 abdominopelvic regions
- Semi permeable
- permits certain substances to enter & exit the cell which helps maintain the proper environment (maintains homeostasis)
- Midsaggital Plane (medial Plane)
- vertical plane that separates into EQUAL right and left sides, directly down the center, equally down the midline of the body
- Peritoneum
- Serous membrane that lines abdomenal cavity, covering the abdomenal organs, some pelvic organs
- Axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus
- What are the contents of the axillary space
- sartorious muscle
- what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle
- sternocleidomastoid muscle
- what is the lateral border of the anterior cervical triangle
- mucous, synovial, serous membrane
- 3 classifications of membranes
- Visceral layer
- layer which attaches & covers the organs inside the cavity
- arm, forearm (antebrachial, antebrachium)
- The upper extremity / limb consists of
- conducting arteries
- the tunica media of the - - - arteries will contain more elastic fiber than smooth muscle
- medial & superficial
- where does the axillary vein lie in relation to axillary artery
- anastomosis
- end to end union or joining together of blood vessels
- Hypotonic solution
- this solution has a lower solute concentration and higher concentration of water than the solution with which the cell is compared
- parietal layer
- layer attached to outer wall
- internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vegas nerve
- contents of the anterior cervical triangle
- arterioles
- terminal branches of an artery
- Costal Cartilage
- hyaline cartilage that is located at the ventral ends of ribs
- swell and burst (hemolysis)
- In a solution which has a lower concentration of solutes, and a higher concentration of solvent. molecules may enter the red blood cell faster than they can leave causing it to (hypotonic soln)
- topographical anatomy
- the study of the structure of the body with emphasis on superficial landmarks
- adipose
- (1)reduces heat loss through skin (2)an energy reserve (3)supports & protects organs of the body
- Vascular
- LIQUID type of Connective Tissue
- vaso constriction
- decrease in the size of lumen of the blood vessels due to contraction of the smooth muscle
- venules
- small veins which collect blood from the capillaries & drain into veins
- venae comitante
- vein accompanying an artery
- Medium sized (muscular / distributing arteries)
- Axillary, brachial, radial, intercostals, popliteal, anterior & posterior tibials arteries are these types of arteries
- arteries
- blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart & carries blood to the tissues.
- Osseus
- HARDEST type of Connective Tissue
- articular, costal cartilage
- 2 types of hyaline cartilage
- adductor longus muscle
- what is the medial border of the femoral triangle
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
- Outer lining of the cell (human) it separates the cells internal environment from the outside external environment
- epithelial, muscle, nervous, skeletal
- four basic primary tissues
- Tunica adventitia
- This coat is composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue and some elastic fibers
- Sagittal Plane
- vertical plane that runs through the body and separates it into a right and left side portion
- Synovial Membrane
- lines cavities of freely moveable joints, secretes a fluid called ( - - -) fluid.Lubricates joints & nourishes cartilage covering the bones
- Serous membrane
- lines a cav that does NOT go to the outside. Serves to cover the organs. Always has 2 layers, separated by organs, secretes a serous fluid (watery lubricating fluid which allows organs to guide easily over each other very nicely)
- skeletal, cardiac, visceral muscle
- 3 types of muscle tissue
- laterficial superficial
- where does the internal jugular vein lie in relation to the common carotid artery
- endolthium, glandular epithelium
- 2 types of endothelial tissue
- fasciae
- sheets or bands of connective tissue that surrounds & supports muscles and other organs
- Dorsal (Posterior Cavity)
- 2cd principle cavity located near the back surface of the body
- Nervous tissue
- initiates & transmits nerve implulses, coordinates body activities
- thigh, leg, groin
- The lower extremity / limb consists of
- Perichondrium
- dense connective tissue found around cartilage
- Visceral
- smooth & involuntary
- Solute
- the part present in the LESSER amount - the part that is to be dissolved.
- brachial plexus
- consists of nerve fibers that originate from the ventral branches of the last 4 cervical nerves (c5-c8) and the first thoracic spinal nerves (t1). Supplies shoulders, arms, & chest
- Crenation
- Shrinkage of a red blood cell
- skull (cranial), face
- what does the head region consist of? (body regions)
- muscle tissue
- specialized to produce movement in reponse to a nerve impulse
- arterioles
- small, minute arteries which deliver blood to the capillary
- Cross Sectional Plane (Transverse )(Horizontal)
- runs parallel to the ground. Divides body into superior & inferior positions.
- vaso dilation
- increase in the size of the lumen of the blood vessls due to relaxation of the smooth muscle.
- femoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- what are the contents of the femoral triangle
- neck (cervical region)
- What supports the head?
- superficial lateral
- where does the femoral artery like in relation to the femoral vein
- osmosis
- the movement of SOLVENT through a semi permeable membrane from an area of HIGH SOLVENT concentration to an area of LOWER SOLVENT concentration
- Linear Guide
- Line drawn or visualized on the surface of the body to represent the approximate location of some more deeper lying structures.
- Anterior (Ventral)
- towards the front, closer to the front of the body
- posterior and inbetween
- where does the vegas nerve lie in relation to the common carotid, and internal jugual vein
- physiological anatomy
- The study of the functions of the body, how the body works
- Pronation
- act of rotating forearm so palms are facing posteriorly (or inferiorly)
- mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity
- 3 additional cavities which the thoracic cavity contains
- membranes
- thin sheets of flexible muscle that covers or lines a part of the body.
- articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage that is located at the ends of bones (articulations)
- cranial, spinal cord
- What are the 2 subdivisions of the dorsal cavity
- Solution
- a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances
- conducting arteries (large size arteries / elastic arts)
- these arteries conduct blood to the medium sized arteries.
- Isotonic Solution
- A solution in which the total concentration of water molecules and solute molecules are the same on both sides of the semi permeable membrane
- anatomy
- The study of structure and the relationship of its parts to each other
- osmosis
- the movement of SOLVENT (h2O) through a semi permeable membrane from an area of LOWER SOLUTE concentration to an area of HIGHER SOLUTE concentration.
- Cartilage
- endures considerably more stress than other connective tissues, avascular (excpet for perichondrium),
- tunica media
- This coat is usually the thickest layer
- System
- 2 or more organs arranged to perform a specifc fxn
- medial deep
- where does the femoral vein like in relation to the femoral artery
- fibrous cartilage
- STRONGEST OF THE CARTILAGE, combines strength & rigidity, found between vertebrae (intervertebral tissue) & pubic symphysis
- dense connective tissue (fibrous connective tissue)
- which tissue (in general) provides strong attachments for various functions
- Anterior cervical triangle
- Located in the anterior part of the neck (topographical anatomy)
- tunica media
- this coat is composed mostly of SMOOTH MUSCLE & ELASTIC fibers
- cardiac muscle
- striated & involuntary
- tunica intima
- which coat of a blood vessel is composed of endothelium cells, and comes into contact with blood
- Anatomical Guide
- Method of locating a structure by reference to an adjacent known / prominent structure
- Anterior (Ventral) Cavity
- principle cavity located on the anterior surface of the body; the trunk / torso
- Medium sized (muscular / distributing arteries)
- the job of this artery is to distribute blood to various parts of the body
- pathological anatomy
- the study of structural changes caused by disease
- Axilla
- armpit, small hollow beneath arm where it joins body at the shoulders
- aponeurosis
- connects muscle to muscle; when broad flat tendon used in definition- connects muscle to bone
- capillary
- the function of this vessel is to exchange nutrients & wastes between blood & tissue cells.
- Gross anatomy
- the study of the structures of the body that can be seen with the un-aided eye
- Supine position
- Subject lying face up, on posterior surface (anterior is face up)
- distal
- located farther from the point of attachment of an extremity to the trunk of the body
- lateral & deep
- Where does the axillary artery lie in relation to the axillary vein
- thorax, abdomen, pelvis cavs
- the trunk/torso region consists of:
- veins
- carry blood to the heart and away from the tissues