science midterm review
Terms
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- nighttime temp would be much lower if _______
- there was no atmosphere
- _______ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
- radiation
- reflection and abosorbtion by the atmosphere prevents some _______ from reaching earth
- solar energy
- absorption of heat by the atmosphere is called the _________ effect
- greenhouse
- _____ humidity is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air compared to the amount of moisture that could be in that volume of air at a certain temperature
- relative
- when air holds all the water vapor it possibly can, we say it is _______
- saturated
- on a warm summer day, when water droplets form on dust particles in clouds and become too heavy to be held up by wind, we have _____
- rain
- The _______ is an apparent force that results from the earths eastward rotation
- Coriolis
- IF air-containing moisture is cooled, the temperature at which the vapor is turned to liquid is known as the ________
- dew point
- earths water enviornment is know as the _________
- hydrosphere
- When moisture condenses out of air and falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, we are experiencing ________
- precipitation
- Water becomes water vapor by two main methods, evaporation and _________
- transpiration
- The _____ are windless zones at the equator
- doldrums
- The layer of atmosphere on top of the tropopause is the __________
- stratosphere
- The _______ is the ceiling of the weather zone
- tropopause
- electrically charged particles are found in the ________
- ionosphere
- winds that blow toward the equator from about 30 degrees latitude are known as
- tradewinds
- sea and land breezes are caused because
- the land heats and cools faster than the water
- cold, dry, dense air currents that descend weekly to earth at the north or south poles are the _________
- polar easterlies
- the ________ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest earth
- troposphere
- T/F:the pressure of air at 1000 feet is greater than the pressure at sea level
- F
- the ________ is the coldest layer of the atmosphere
- mesosphere
- a _______ is used to measure air pressure
- barometer
- a sea breeze is created when
- land heats faster than water
- the_______ extends from 80 km upward into space
- thermosphere
- the _____________ are responsible for the movement of weather across the united states
- prevailing westerlies
- high, white, feathery clouds usually made of ice crystals with fair weather are _______ clouds
- cirrus
- dark, gray clouds that have ragged edges and produce precipitation are ________ clouds
- nimbus
- water can form on surfaces at night when the air is clear because
- the air temp near the ground drops to the dewpoint
- if everything else were held constant, we would predict that the relative humidity of a classroom full of students would be ___ than of an empty classroom
- higher
- rain that freezes as it drops to the ground is called ______
- sleet
- thick, puff clouds are called ______ clouds
- cumulus
- a _________ forecasts the weather using data collected from many sources
- meteorologist
- to keep track of pressure, weather maps are drawn with lines connecting points of equal pressure. these lines are called _______
- isobars
- __________ are bodies of air that have the same properties as the regions over which they form
- air masses
- areas of high pressure are known as
- anti-cyclones
- ______ form where two air masses meet
- fronts
- a violent, whirling wind that moves over a narrow path on land is known as a
- tornado
- when servere weather conditions could occur, a ____ is issued
- watch
- the interactions of air, water, and ________ cause weather
- solar energy
- air masses are important because of their overall______ and moisture content
- temperature
- thunderstorms generally form along a ______
- cold front
- during a storm watch, servere weather
- is likely to occur in your area
- when a severe weather warning is issued, you should
- take shelter or go to shelter immediately
- on a weather map, ___________ describe the local weather at each location
- station models
- large cities may effect weather because of
- large amounts of pavement
- the path earth takes around the sun is its ____
- orbit
- a universe where the sun is the center would be called a _____ universe
- heliocentric
- Gravity and ______ control the earths orbit
- inertia
- Johannes Kepler discovered that the paths in which planets move around the sun are
- elliptical
- the greatest distance of a planet from the sun is known as its ______
- aphelion
- any hot, bright sphere of gas like the sun is called a _______
- star (bright, hot, sphere of gas)
- the most widely held astronimical theory about the origins of the universe is the ___________ theory
- big band
- what are the three types of galexies?
- spiral, elliptical, irregular
- the brightness of a star as we view it from earth is its ________ magnitude
- apparent
- we classify stars using their surface temperatures and ________ magnitudes
- absolute
- a ________ is a star in which matter is dondensed and no light encapes
- black hole
- constellations changr positions in the night sky during the year because ______
- of earths motion
- the laws of motion were developed by
- Newton
- the galaxy im which our solar system is located is a _____ galaxy
- sprial
- the name of our galaxy is the
- milky way
- light gathering telescopes that use concave mirrors are _______ telescopes
- reflecting
- a __________ is used to determine a star's speed and direction
- spectrograph
- _______ invented the reflecting telescope
- newton
- x-rays, visible light, and ultraviolet light are all forms of _______ energy
- radiant
- the elements of the sun can be defined by using a
- sprectroscope
- the distance between the sun and the earth is know as an
- astronimical unit
- the spacecraft placed in orbit by the us and used by several astronauts as a space station was the ______
- skylab
- telescopes that rely of glass lenses to gather and focus light are ___ telescopes
- refracting
- telescopes that collect radio waves are known as _____ telescopes
- radio
- the energy from the sun reackes earth in the form of _____
- radiant energy
- to measure the distance between stars, the unit of measure is ____-
- light years
- stars in the red shift __ from earth
- receed
- TF: the corona is a transparant zone of hot gases around the sun and normally can not be seen
- True
- Sunspots are hot spots on the suns surface TF
- False
- TF the level of sunspot activity seems to increase and decrease in an 11-year cycle
- true
- TF no particles from the sun reach earth
- false
- TF the h-r diagram relates surface temp of a star to its apparent magnitude
- false ish
- TF the greater the magnitude of a star, the brighter it is
- tureee
- TF the sun is a stable star found in the main sequence
- True
- TF radiant energy is defined by wavelegnth, frequency, and waveheight
- True
- TF solar flares often occur near sunspots
- True
- TF all stars have absolute magnitude
- true
- TF there are different constellations in the night sky during different seasons
- True
- red colors on the spectrum indicate long wavelengths TF
- True
- TF infrared waves and gamma rays are not forms of radiant energy
- False
- TF The penumbra is the darkest part of the shadow
- false
- tf the moon does not have any geologic a ctivity
- false
- tf the winter solstice is march 20, when winter officially ends
- false
- tf earth revolves and rotates
- true
- tf observed motion is the same thing as real motions
- false
- tf the seasons occur because of the earths tilt and revolution around the sun
- true
- bright streaks that extend outward from the craters on the moon are called rays tf
- true
- tf scientists are sure of how the moon ca, to circle the earth
- false
- the moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth in the same amount of time tf
- true
- tf the space shuttle that blew up was mercury tf
- false
- the voyager was responsible for moon missions tf
- false
- tf newtons 3rd law of motion explains how a rocket motor works
- true
- tf skylab was a space worksho[
- true
- a satellite can orbit a planet
- true
- when the moon is between the earth and the sun
- new moon
- when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth than the sun is
- full moon
- when the moon appears to be north of the earth
- first quarter moon
- a ______ eclipse is when the moon is between earth and the sun
- solar
- during what phase of the moon can a solar eclipse occur?
- new moon
-
m, e, b
rotates on its axis - both
-
m, e, b
has seasons - earth
-
m ,e, b
revolves around the sun - both
-
m, e, b
has soil that contains iron in crystal form - moon
-
m, e, b
can cast a shadow on another heavenly body - both
-
m, e, b
has a rotational period equal to its revolutionary period - moon
-
m, e, b
has weather - earth
- the second smallest planet we know and closest to the sun is _______
- mercury
- the planet that is very hot because of the greenhouse effect and has clouds of sulfuric acid is
- venus
- a plant about the size of venus, has water vapor in its atmosphere and has a rotational period of 24 hours is
- earth
- the largest know volcano in our solar system in an extinct volcano known as Olympus Mons and is found on the planet
- mars
- many planets have natural satellties. phobes, for example, is one of the satellites that orbit the planet
- mars
- the largest know planet in our solar system is known as
- jupiter
- the giant red spot is located on the planet
- jupiter
- _ is the largest of all the solar system satellites
- ganymede
- the planet with the lowest density and over on thousand rings is
- saturn
- The closest satellite to Jupiter with a number of erupting volcanoes is
- Io
- at times, the planet _ is actually the most distand planet from the sun
- neptune
- the third planet from the sun is _
- earth
- the solid portion of a comet is its
- nucleus
- a cloud of gas and dust around the solid portion of a comet is known as the
- coma
- _ are small fragments of matter moving in space
- meteoroids
- when small fragments of matter moving in space strike earth's atmosphere and burn up, they are called
- meteors
- the asteroid belt did not form a planet because
- it did not hahve enough mass
- most asteroids are located in the region between
- mars and jupiter
- venus rotates in a fashion opposite that of most planets, it is said to display _ motion
- retrograde
- the planet most adapted to support life in our solar system is _
- earth
- the planet with eccentric orbit is
- pluto
- scientist believe that the Sun is formed
- from a cloud of gas and dust