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1783: Treaty of Paris was signed
Alien Acts: Says that any 'dangerous' immigrant must be exported
Era of Reform: many reforms,
Common Sense in 1776: Written by Thomas Payne and framed ideas about what was happening in the colonies
Mayflower Compact: all members of the colony obey equal laws
1777: French join colonial effort after Saratoga
1810-1822: Creation of Mexico, Ecuador, and Perú b/c of revolutions
Seven Years' War in 1750: more whites wanted to settle and Indians got mad, resulting in this war
Informal Resistance: subtle forms of sabotage among slaves
Utopian communitiesin 1830-1860: Different people had different visions, some were Democratic, many were religious, didn't like capitalism b/c it led to unfairness; competition
Nullification: Doctrine written that if states want to, they can ignore tariff of 1824 and Jackson opposes
The Federalist: Constitution maintains balance between order and liberty, essays were published here written by members of the Constitution
Guadalupe-Hidalgo: NM, AZ, NV, UT are ceded to U.S. for $5,000,000=Mexican cession, racial anxiety happens because
Middle Ground: Spanish owned Southwest and Florida, French owned the middle of North America, British owned the East, there were imperial rivalries there, on the Western Front, natives and Europeans fought for land, natives played France and Britain against each other
1766: Equiano purchases his freedom
1840's: Slavery became a national issue because ot territorial expansion
Colonization: Liberia is formed in Africa-it is not possible to assimilate people of African descent so they are sent to Liberia, Davis Walker's Appeal=scares people that there will be violence if African Americans are educated
1806: British Navy impresses U.S. sailors and recruits them, so Jefferson bans trade with foreign traders
settle: goal of British, whereas French and Spanish goal was to barter, British goal heightens tensions between natives and colonists
1770: slaves made up 50% of the population of the colonies by this year
Kansas Nebraska Act in 1854: destroyed 2-party system and instead people vote by region-Whigs disappear
1824 Election: Jackson didn't get majority and Adams won because
Dred Scott: Slave whose master brought him to free state to work, sued his master for freedom-brought about Chief Justice who said that slaves didn't have the right in court
Gullah: Pidgen language of many different African tribes
positive good: rather than slavery being a negative thing, it is a good thing-rather than admitting that slavery (basis of the nation) is a bad thing, they see it as a good thing b/c it 'educates and cares for' African Americans
Mercantilism: UK wanted to get economic growth within colonies so UK could have more wealth
Republican Motherhood: Women's duty is to raise respectable citizens (they gained a new worth)
Townshend Acts in 1767: new bunch of taxes on imports
rice: important crop that brought many slaves to the South
1649: Maryland passes act making religious toleration law
Deism: new religion that suggests that God only created things and then set them loose to make their own decisions and that the common people can't be virtuous or trusted
1680-1700: slaves replace servants in Chesapeake
planter class: plantation owners influenced by the slave-based population that harvested mostly tobacco
1500-1600: England wants to loft religious boundaries and expand
Divine Right of Kings: created by Parliament, where kings could rule over citizens based on 'God's Rule'
Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763: individual tribes joined together because Neolin organized the Pan-Indian Alliance
Second Continental Congress in 1775: Colonists rethought war and independence, British sought out colonists' weapons, riders like Paul Revere warn of British soldiers
Missouri Compromise: All land North of 36 degrees, 30 is free land (no slaves)
Shays Rebellion in late 1786: Farmers banded together against taxes
Fugitive Slave Act: Northerners objected to paying taxes supporting part 4 of the copromise-what did freedom mean? Northerners saw Southerners as hypocrites
Republicans: Jefferson, farmers, France-supporters
William Lloyd Garrison: Published The Liberator in 1831, Grimké sisters were leading abolitionist orators
Stephen Douglas: Runs against Lincoln
1807: Robert Fulton put a steamboat on the Hudson, allowing people to go against the current
Indian Removal: Indians were not treated as equal, Jefferson orders them to be moved West of Mississippi River
Stephen Austin: His father must bring people to Texas, these new Texans think of themselves as Americans vs. Mexicans, Mexico bans migration to Texas but Texas demands independence
Separate Spheres: Public sphere vs. private sphere, women's place was the private sphere
Bill of Rights in 1788: Happens during the First Congress meeting, guaranteed ten additional rights
1585: Roanoke Island colony started by Sir Walked Raleigh (abandoned by 1590)
Northwest Ordinance in 1787: Called for 3-5 new states North of Ohio River and East of Mississippi River and they would be free states
George Whitefield in 1739: led a series of sermons about repenting and didn't like publications but that's how his beliefs spread
Iroquois: Penn and NY was where these people formed the great League of Peace aka ____ Confederacy
Boston Tea Party: 300 chests of tea were thrown in the Boston Harbor led by Samuel Adams, and John Adams, who were leaders of the Sons of Liberty
Celius Calvert in 1632: wanted a Catholic haven for Christians
business: concept of profit over morality, when concerning the slave trade
Triangle of Trade: Europe sent fine goods to Africa, which sent slaves to North America, which sent raw material to Europe
Bleeding Kansas: 2 state governments convincing others how to vote, most Kansans don't want slavery, people moved there to change the vote outcome-violent riots, Charles Sumner gives a speech but a Southern senator tries to beat him, main goal of these people was to help them with God
Pueblo Revolt in 1680: Popé was arrested by Spanish authorities for practising Pueblo beliefs in 1675
Whiskey Rebellion: Hamilton Initiated exise tax on producers of Whiskey and farmers were opposed to it
1497: John Cabbot sails to NE
Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794: In Ohio, the Treaty of Greenville, where 12 tribes were forced to give up their land in 1795 but were given annuity, which was an annual payment
1831: G.B. makes slavery illegal among its colonies, Emerson in 1841-things were better
republicanism: ideology that encourages wealth for rich
Nativism: Scared of foreigners (protestant)-know nothing/American party driven by anxiety about jobs
Mormons in 1840: Mobs drove them our of the East to Great Salt Lake in Utah, led by Brighton Young
Mary Wallstoncraftin 1792: Wrote 'Vindication of the Rights of Women', which stated that women should have rights and was similar to Common Sense
Democrats: More egrarian, pro-slavery, immigrants
Second Great Awakening from 1820's-1830's: Charles Finney held revivals, promoted sobriety and morality, individuals are responsible for their own behavior, made American Christianity available to everyone
1796: Washington is re-elected and retires in 1801, while the North and South votes were divided by presidential preference
1662-1644: rebellions between local tribes and colonists
Gettysburg in 1863, last day is July 3rd: Most bloody battle, turning point for Union, before things were going shittily for them
Virginia Plan: 2-house system by population by Madison, states determined voting qualifications, candidates chosen by electoral college "according to the will of the people", 2 senators plus each states' representatives based on population
CSA-COnfederate States of America in 1860-1861: Jefferson Davis is president, creates a constitution, 2 parts of country no longer see eah other as the same nation
Glorious Revolution: colonists revolt against natives
1846 in June: CA is declared independent
Carolina: new British colony kept Spanish in Mexico/FL, wanted Feudalism
Robert E. Lee: Confederate General, good at his job, won most of his battles, ballsy, powerhoused into battle
Slave Code of 1705: makes it legal that white people are of a higher status than slaves, slaves can't defend themselves in court and can't employ white people
John Locke: a leading liberal thinker pushing life, liberty, and property as rights during the mid-1700's
John Brown: amongst Kansans who wanted to destroy slavery
Puritanism: leftovers of Catholicism
1840-1860: Immigrants from Ireland and Germany arrive and move into North to avoid competing with the South
Loyalists: People not treated as equal, remained loyal to U.K. (20%)
Calvinism: John Calvin's idea that there are those who are elect (pre-destined) and those who are damned
Monroe Doctrine: U.S. opposes further colonial efforts in the Americas, no more colonies, U.S. won't involve itself in European wars, EU needs to stay out of Latin American countries' business
American Irony: When people wrote about equality but owned slaves, slaves meant wealth and wealth meant freedom but only to a couple people
private property amongst natives: did not exist, land was a common resource
American Irony: for Europeans to enjoy America's benefits, others had to suffer
1651: navigation acts (all trade happens on British ships)
Federalists: Hamilton, merchants, thought there was too much liberty, supported the elites
1802: France regains Louisiana from Spain but then sells it to the U.S.
reservations: parcels of land reserved for Indians
First Continental Congress in 1774: representatives from each colony met and 12/13 colonies decided to withhold taxes, talked about war
Pull Factors: reasons to join America-land, no debt, religious freedom, power (political right)
Middle Colonies: NY, NJ, Penn-mostly comprised of unmarried young men
Clock Time: Bosses expect workers to be at work at the same time every day regardless of season
Stamp Act: a tax that made colonists think they were being taken advantage of because they were being taxed without any representation
Public Sphere: publications and places to discuss civic issues
Rifled Muskets: Barrel has spirals, making bullet spin, longer range, etc.-development in warfare tactics, more accurate
Hartford Convention: Federalists try to amend the Constitution to weaken South, who tilts toward Jeffersonian perspective, but Jackson's defeat in New Orleans negates this, making the Federalists appear disloyal and their party ends
1664: British overtake New Netherlands; rename it New York
New Netherland: never established dense colonies; not thinking about permanent settlements, only trading lands
Mestizos: mixed-race individuals
Mayflower in 1620: Pilgrims left England for VA, landed in Cape Cod on this ship
Temperence: Individuals can't function on their own so they have to be controlled by society-drinking becomes absolutely bad, not giving in to temptations to appear respactable (1840-1/2 consumption)
Antietam: Battle in Sharpsburg, Union won, after which the prelimenary Emancipation Proclimation was written
Abraham Lincoln: Hates slavery but doesn't want to mess up the country, ran against Stephen Douglas but lost, but became famous
Compromise of 1850: CA had high population, S.F. and U.S. wanted it so Clay made up 4-part compromise: 1. CA would be admitted as free state, 2. Slave trade abolished in D.C., 3. Congress passed new law to catch escaped slaves at federal government's expense, 4. All Mexican territory's slavery was based on state
ethnocentrism: thinking your country is the most prominant
Pilgrims: believed that England's Church was too corrupt and became separatists, moved to Plymouth colonies to build a model society
Popular Sovereignty: Populous should decide whether or not slavery should exist in new territories-Lewis Cass
Constitution: Division of power between state/federal power, system of checks of checks and balances between branches
1619: 20 African slaves were imported
Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of treasury, wondered if there should be political parties and how the economics of the U.S. would be, created a 5-point program, created 'sin' taxes on Whiskey, taxed imported goods, created a national mint (bank), thought U.S. should be merchants and manufacturers
Nat Turner: rebellion leader/preacher-8/22/31-new laws began
1607: Jamestown, VA, expanded because of the economic crisis in England in this year
Californios: Mexican Ranch owners who are given land to
Pueblo: where a certain type of Indians lived, first interacted with Spanish in 1570ish
Regulators: wealthy South Carolina land owners were not represented in the Stamp Act Congress, farmers North Carolina was included, so these people stopped paying taxes and kidnapped tax collectors, etc.
Republican Party: old Whigs/free soil party/Northern Democrats-very regional, wants free soil in West
Chesapeake: Virginia and Pennsylvania were known as
Feudalism: heredity/nobility, Carolina colony wanted this
Christian Perfectionism: For peopleto really be free, they need to be free of sin
1587: Colonies begin
July 4 1776: Declaration of Independence was signed, Congress declared independence
American System: Vertical Integration-Factories create goods with interchangeable parts, bringing people to the cities
Metacom: King Philip, who attacked colonists, ending trust between natives and New Englanders
indentured servants: no payoff, treated like property, many immigrants were these
Draft Rights in 1863: Many immigrants start riots, mostly Democrats, killed many blacks because they blamed the war on them
headright system in 1618: 50 acres of land for people who par for someone's passage to the new world, no limit to land
Zenger Case: Zenger publishes articles criticizing the government of New York and is sued, the result is that anyone can print things as long as they are true
Uncle Tom's Cabin: Propaganda arguing that African Americans are 'frustrated Christians' who are prevented from worship by slavery-was extende to African American readers as well--Abolition became a mainstream issue
Emancipation Proclimation in 1862: Gives Confederates 3 months to come back to Union, sets slaves free in parts of the U.S. where Union is not in control, mostly meant to be symbolic (not expected to work), many slaves ran away
1821: Mexico declared independence from Spain
1733: Georgia was founded by Filanthropists with utopian ideals in this year
War of 1812: British tried to attack Americans, attacked D.C., White House burned, Jackson wins in New Orleans after War ended, gave U.S. world recognition, Treaty of Ghent
1835: Mexico sends army to Texas to stop revolt but encourages it
1844: Secretary of State John C. Calhoun makes public a letter proposing to Annex Texas, people like the idea
Intolerable Acts: closed Boston port because of the Boston Tea Party until the tea is paid for and forced people to house British soldiers
The Liberator: Written in 1831 by William Lloyd Garrison
Annex of Texas: Wanted to add Texas as a slave state
Revolution of 1800: Peaceful rebellion under Jefferson saying that the government should be small and not control people
Indian Removal Act: Whites have the right to the land Indians were moved to land west of Mississippi River, they were the more 'civilized' tribes because they farmed, the Cherokee, Creeks, Chicksaws, Chocsaws, and Seminols, Cherokees were allowed to stay but Georgians moved them in the Trail of Tears in 1846
Middle Passage: 1 in 8 died on slave ships
Common Schools: tax-supported schools-appears to many people, Horace Mann-Massachussetts Whig politician who supported this
Conquistadors: conquerors who brought religious people to Mexico in 1519, overtook Aztec warriors with less people
Crowd Diseases: highly contageous in crowds, natives were vulnerable
Frederick Douglass: Born in 1818-slaves had been allowed for 20 years, abolition had started, natural increase caused slave population to rise from 697,624 in 1790 to 3,953, 760 in 1860, forced breeding
Proclamation of 1763: says that colonists can't settle West of the Appalachians, came from Pontiac's Rebellion
liberalism: individually-concerned, putting self interests forward
Manifest Destiny in 1850: People had already moved to CA-goal was to fill up the continent
1781: Colonies get excited about war after the battle of Cowpens
Market Revolution: Changes in transportation and technology alter the way people trade and communicate-steam boat, canal, railroad, and telegraph lower costs and travel time
1492-1820: 7 million slaves were brought over to the colonies, mostly in the 1700's
Equiano in the 1750's: one man who was kidnapped by slave traders an shipped to Barbados
Salutary Neglect: when England stepped back from controlling the colonies
Wilmot Proviso in 1846: No slavery in New territory from Mexico, new party=free soil party, nominates Van Beurhen (antislavery)
Erie Canal in 1825: Above NYC, brought goods from the Great Lakes to NYC
New France: hemmed British in with Mississippi Valley and Canada-20,000 people
Columbus: never learned he had not landed in India
Stamp Act Congress: passed a resolution that they will stay close to England but demand the rights to vote for or against taxes
Enlightenment: intellectual increase, mainly in France. The main idea was that it is possible to all things through reason (scientific method)
Great Awakening: series of religious revivals where many people became more religious
1730's: South Carolina has an African American Majority
Boston Massacre: shocking to colonists and British alike
Columbian Exchange: crops were brought over (wheat, rice, cattle, pigs)
Slave Power Conspiracy: Small group of people who own many slaves
Marbury vs. Madison: Rules in favor of Supreme Court determining whether or not passed laws are 'constitutional'
Dorthea Dix: Encouraged treatments for 'insane', Grimké sisters see abolition as not welcoming so they turn to promoting women's rights
House of Burgesses in 1619: VA creates this, it's so that property-holding white men can vote for members in the House
Planter Paternalism: Planters are the most powerful;smallest % of population, owned the most slaves, had the most power, owners feel the need to care for African AMericans
Sedition Acts: Target Republican press, dampering their ideas and saying that the federal government can imprison those who are critical of the government
Indians: named for the country Columbus thought he had found
Whigs: Elites in North, Federalists
Witchcraft Trials: Tituba was a slave who worked for a family of a girl who practised witchcraft with other girls and supported them, sparking these
Seneca Falls Convention in 1848: begins putting women's suffrage on the frontfront led by Mott and Stanton

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