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- Carbanions are stabilized by what?
- Either electronegative substituent groups or by resonance with electrons.
- (T/F) It is highly unfavorable for electronegative species such as oxygen to bear a formal positive charge.
- True.
- What is less soluble in water, an alkane/alkene/alkyne or ketone or ether?
- alkane/alkene/alkyne
- Which is more stable, 1,3 petadiene or 1,3,5-hexatriene?
- 1,3,5-hexatriene b/c it has three bonds in cmoplete conjugation.
- What is an amide?
- organic compounds in which an amine functionality is directly bonded to a carbonyl carbon.
- What kinds of species can usuallyl form zitterions?
- amopteric species such as amino acids.
- Amino group (NH2) acts as a lewis acid or base?
- lewis base
- What is the special property of zwitterions?
- thyre have strong intermolecular attractions due to ionic and hydrogen bonding ==> provides for high bp/mp (?) relative to MW.
- Longer alkanes experience strong ____?
- Van Der Waals forces.
- Is melting point dictated by the same characteristics that determine boiling point? If so what?
- Yes. They're dictated by: intermolecular attraction, weight and geometry.
- Which has a higher boiling point: cis- or trans-1,2-dichloroethene?
- The bp of the cis isomer is higher b/c it has a net dipole moment.
- What are the difference btw enantiomers and diastereomers?
-
Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other;
Enantioemrs are mirror image isomers. - What are racemates?
- enantiomeric pairs.
- Which one will have a higher mp: a compound that has a carboxylic acid or hydroxyl group?
- carboxylic acid b/c it also has a polar carbonyl bond which serves to increase intermolecular attractions.
- What is a cyano functional group?
- C triple bonded to N
- (T/F) Meso compounds are a special case of stereoisomers which occur when a molecule has two achiral centers and each achiral center has identical substituants.
- False, they have two CHIRAL centers.
- What are capable of hydrogen bonding?
- Hydrogen thats been bonded to F, O, or N... or any electronegatige atom.
- Is NH2CH3 capable of hydrogen bonding?
- Yes, but it H is connected to N. But if it was a tertiary amine, than no.
- (T/F) Ethene has both carbon atoms sp2 hybridized and the molecule is planar.
- True; Three attached groups ==> will be arranged in a planar configuration roughly 120 deg apart, since that will minimize the electron-pair repulsion.