American Studies Midterm
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- Joseph Stalin
- leader of soviet union. 1924-1953
- Nazism
- form of fascism shaped by Hitler's idea about germany. nationalism. on racial superiority
- Twenty-First Amendment
- repealing Prohibition
- consumer economy
- US became this, when you depend on large amounts of consumer spending :buying now paying later:
- Election of 1932
- FDR won by landslide. Thought he could end depression with his sense of hope
- final solution
- Nazi idea of getting rid of all the Jewish people
- KKK
- Klu Klux Klan, hated blacks and wanted to eliminate them
- Scopes Trial
- John Scopes was put on trial defended by Clarence
- Douglas MacArthur
- American General retreated, vowed "I Shall Return"
- Hoover's policy of recovery
- Insisted that all conditions would improve soon. Recovery, Relief, Reform
- Teapot Dome Scandal
- Hardings security of Interior, secretely gave oil-drilling rights to 2 private oil companies in return
- Battle of the Bulge
- German forces launched a final counter attack on the west
- Opposition to Treaty of Versailles
- many did not like it. Opposed to treaty
- Battle of Midway
- turning point in Pacific, Japan lost hundreds of planes and 4 aircraft carriers
- Winston Churchill
- leader of Great Britain before and during wwII powerful speech maker who rallied Allied morale
- Lend-lease Act
- law that authorized Pres. to aid any nation whose defense was vital to American security
- Battles of Iwo Jima/ Okinawa
- 2 of the worst battles. Americans moved closer to Japan, Japan put up an even stronger resistance
- Allies
- France, Russia, Great Britain, Italy, Us
- Good Neighbor Policy
- FDR - we need to help Europe and latin America
- Kellogg-Briand
- 15 nations not to use the threat of war in dealing with each other
- military power in Japan
- military becamore more important in government
- Harlem Renaissance
- moving from inner cities to Suburbs. Had their own history. Causes great migration and segregation
- Stimson Doctrine
- US would not recognize any territory gained by force
- Henry Ford
- created the automobile
- reparations
- germany paid payment for economic injury after war
- Second New Deal
- 2nd hundred days. FDR's response to ppl saying it was not doing enough for ordinary Americans. More social welfare benefits
- Nineteenth Amendment
- Women can vote
- December 7, 1941
- Pearl Harbor 180 Japanese warplanes bombed pearharbor
- Stock Market Crash
- when the stock purchases decreased great amounts
- Fourteen Points
- president Wilson's plan for a lasting peace in war
- Japanese internment
- camps made to house japanese kept them contained because of fear. Trained them to fight for US
- national culture
- Americans had mass media- Radio
- bank holiday
- authorized by govn't to inspect the financial health of all banks
- Neville Chamberlain
- prime minister who promoted appeasement and tried to make a deal with Hitler "peace in our time"
- Causes of the Great Depression
- an uneven distribution of wealth. People using credit, using money they didnt have
- Appeasement
- giving into a competitors demands in order to keep the peace
- Kamikazes
- Japanese suicide planes
- New Weapons
- result of WWI and new warfare, airplanes, machine guns, submarines, tanks, poinsonous gas
- Adolph Hitler
- german leader of Nazi Party. 1933-1945. rose to power by promoting racist and national views
- Red Scare
- intense fear of communism and other political radicals. Soviet revolution. Increased immigration. bombs discovered through mail
- Dunkirk
- French and British retreat spot when Germany was advancing
- Bonus Army
- WWI veterans wanted immediate pay of a pension bonus that had been promised to them
- Benito Mussolini
- Italian fascist leader who took power in the 20's. Known for brutal policies
- New Deal
- refers to recovery, relief, and reform programs of FDR's administration that were aimed to help GD
- Unrestricted submarine warfare
- Germany went back to this and would sink boats with out warning
- AAA
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration: tried to raise farm prices by paying subsidies. govn't financial assistance to farmers
- Hiroshima/Nagasaki
- bombed by America
- Lusitania
- British ship sunk by german u-boats, changed by american publics
- Holocaust
- Nazi Germany's systematic attempt to murder all European Jews
- June 6, 1944
- D-Day
- Selective Service Act
- authorizing draft of goung men for military service
- Charles Lindbergh
- piloted a plane from NY to Paris
- armistice
- cease fire, November 1918
- Warren Harding/ Calvin Coolidge
- Republican presidents in 20's. Favored business, felt govn't job was to keep nose out of economy. Favored small govnt
- Franz Ferdinand
- the ruler of Austria, Hungary suffered threw terrorist attacks from Bosnia. Asassinated
- code talkers
- coded messages in diff. languages unknown to others. Native American language was only used in US
- Blitzkrieg
- warfare emphasizing rapid and mechanized movements; used by Germany in WWII
- FDIC
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: Insure bank deposits
- The great Migration
- Moved A-A from southern to northen cities
- TVA
- Tennessee Valley Authority: helped farmers and created jobs in one of the country's least developed region
- Court packing controversy
- when FDR wanted to add another jusitce for every Justice that was over 70 to get more cooperation
- Manhattan Project
- secret american program during WWII to develop an atomic bomb
- Hundred Days
- roosevelt pushed program after program through congress to provide relief, create jobs, and stimulate economic recovery
- jazz
- became popular music of the time, many AA performers became popular to white audiences
- Francisco Franco
- spanish dictator, general that led rebels against republican govn't. Nationalists
- Prohibition
- ended all alcohol production, sales, and transportation
- Charles DeGaulle
- leader of the Free French. exiled govn't group in London
- Casablanca Conference
- allied powers seekd unconditional surrender of Germany. No deals when they surrender
- October 29, 1929
- Black Tuesday- a recored 16.4 million shares were sold, compared to 4 million
- U-Boats
- Germany, changed the results of warfare, hit merchant ships without warning
- Cash and Carry
- WWII policy requiring nations at war to pay cash for nonmilitary goods and to be responsible for transporting the goods from the US
- May 8, 1945
- V-Day
- September 1, 1939
- Hitler invades Poland
- flapper
- symbolized revolution, new fashion style for women in 1920's
- brain trust
- FDR's group of intellectual's who advise him
- John J. Pershing
- sent to Europe to help fight off German army. leader of American forces
- Communism
- govn't owned all land and property. A political party controlled the govn't. The need of the country always came before the right of an individual
- Neutrality Acts
- made US neutral keep us out of war. Couldnt sell weapons to countries at war, then coulnt sell nonmilitary things, cash & carry
- Central Powers
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Otoman Empire
- August 15, 1942
- Victory in Japan Day. When japan agrees to surrender
- island hopping
- military strategy of selectively attacking specific enemy held islands
- Yalta Conference
- decided hat to do with Germany when war was over. Germany would become 4 pieces, each allied force would get a piece. Leaders of the countries would be put on trial
- Vladimir Lenin
- leader of Russia. 1st leader of Soviet Union. Pulled Russia out of war
- Battle of Stalingrad
- when Russia defeats Germany
- Sussex pledge
- the german government promised to warn ships before sinking them
- AA soldiers
- in military but worked as cooks, truck drivers, and grave diggers
- isolationism
- the U.S. staying out of war
- Treaty of Versailles
- treaty that ended the fighting with germany. U.S. to league of Nations
- U.S. foreign policy after WW1
- isolationism
- laissez-faire
- government does not interfere with economy
- Dust Bowl
- 1931-1946 when so much soil blew out of Central plains
- Stimson Doctrine
- Policy of U.S. not to recognize any territory gained by force
- "He kept us out of war"
- Wilson's campaign for President
- Al Capone
- gangster, major bootlegger
- D-Day
- code name for the allied powers invasion of France
- impacts on the homefront
- americans conserve resources, grow victory gardens, buy war bonds, anti German prejudice, civil rights were restricted
- Battle of the Coral Sea
- naval battle carried out by airplanes. stopped japanese advance toward Australia
- demographic changes
- movements away from country side, many moved from rural to urban to suburban
- Wagner Act
- legalized union practices as collective bargaining and closed shops (work places only opened to union workers)
- resons for U.S. involvement
- Zimmerman note, submarine warfare
- buying on credit
- US could now charge things causing greater debt and making the installment plan
- GI Bill
- law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations
- Atlantic Charter
- Agreement signed by FDR and churchhill in 1941 listing their goals in war
- League of Nations
- Organizations that would try to create peace between countries
- CCC
- Civilian Conservation Corps: put more than 2.5 million young unmarried men to work maintaining forests, beaches, and parks
- Fascism
- emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader. 1 Political party 1 leader
- Causes of the war
- imperialism, militarism, nationalism, alliances