geo final 2
Terms
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- cultural health
- place from which important ideas spread
- aqueducts
- structures that carried water for long distance and muslim mosques, places of worship
- Nelson mandella
- one of the leaders of the africian national congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected 4 president in 1994 in the first all-race election in south africa.
- serengeti plain
- in the northern Tanzani. dry climate and hard soil prevent the growth of trees but perfect for growing grass.
- terraced farming
- an ancient technique fro growing crops on hillsides or mountain slopes, using step-like horizontal fields cut into the slopes
- renaissance
- in the italian city-states and was a time of renwed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th centure to the 16h
- canopy
- uppermost layer of branches about 150 feet above the ground
- pull factors
- a factor that draws or attracts people to another location
- fang sculpture
- carved boxes containing the skulls and bones of deceased ancestors, created by the fang, who live in gabon,southern cameroon, and equatorial Guinea.
- amazon river
- the second longest river in the world and one of its three major river systems, running about 4,000 miles from west to east and emptying into the atlantic ocean
- city-state
- a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands.
- carthage
- one of the great empires of ancient africa, situated on a triangular peninsula on the gulf of tunis on the coast of the mediterranean sea.
- Masai
- 2 ehtnic group in east africa
- inca
- descendants of people who came across a land bridge form siberia to alaska and eventually crossed the isthmus of panama into south america
- Ashanti
- people who live in what is now called Ghana, in west africa, and who are known fro their artful weaving and colorful asasia, or kente cloth.
- mestizo
- population of mixed spanish and native american heritage
- basin
- depressions
- spanish conquest
- the rich fabric of native life in mexico was torn apart
- silt
- sediment on farmland
- republic
- a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name.
- runoff
- rainfall not absorbed by soil that runs into streams and rivers.
- anti-semitism
- discrimination against jewish people
- aquifers
- stores ground water
- peat
- partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
- cerrado
- savannaa with flat terrain with moderate rainfall that make them suitable for farming
- panama canal
- a ship canal cut through panama connecting the caribbean sea with the pacific ocean
- parliament
- representative law making body whose members are elected or appointed.
- chernozem
- black earth
- treaty of tordesillas
- important role in the colonizatino of south america by spain and portugal
- tenochtitlan
- the site today of mexico city
- rift valleys
- long, thin valleys
- apartheid
- a policy a complete seperation ofthe races, instituted by the white minority government of south africa.
- fjords
- steep u-shped valleys that connect to the sea and that filled with seawater after glaciers melted.
- informal economy
- takes place out side official channels, without benefits or protection for workers
- rai
- is a kind of music developed in the 1920s by poor urban children.
- PRI
- it helped influence democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th centurey
- satellite nations
- nations dominated by another country
- mercosur
- economic common market that began in the southern cone of south america in 1996
- uplands
- hill or very low mountains that my also contain ancient mountain ranges
- nile river
- longest river in the world, and flows more then 4,000 miles through uganda, sudan and into egypt
- capoeira
- martial are and dacne that developed in brazil from african origins
- infrastructure
- the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communication, transportations, water, sanitation, and education systems
- continentality
- regions distance from the moderating influence of the sea
- calypso
- music began in trindad
- carnival
- the most colorful feast dsy in brazil
- balkanization
- the process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units
- escarpment
- steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top.
- meseta
- mountains of brittany in france, and the central plateau of spain
- pandemic
- an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease affecting a large population over a wide geographic area
- desertification
- an expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to the deserts
- nationalism
- the belief that poeple should be loyal to their nation, the people wiht whom they share land , culture, and history
- quechua
- language of the inca
- samba
- a brazilain dance with african influences
- andes mountains
- south american continent are part of a chain of mountain ranges.
- great zimbabwe
- a city established in what is how zimbabwe by the shona around 1000, it became the capital of a thriving gold-trading area.
- pampas
- areas of grasslands and rich soil. found in uraguy and argentina
- seaworks
- structures that are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life
- parana river
- a river in central south america and one of its three major ribver systems, originating in the highlands of southern brazil traveling about 3,000 miles south and west.
- reggae
- music developed in jamaica
- islam
- a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of prophet muhammad, and the biggest cultural and religious influence in North africa.
- Nordic countries
- Denmark, Finland, iceland, Norway, and Sweden
- mistral
- cold, dry wind from the north
- orinocco river
- a river mainly in venezuela and part of south americas northernmost river system.
- cultural crossroads
- place where various cultures cross paths.
- dikes
- earthen banks
- silicon glen
- section of scotland between glasgow and edinburgh
- ijsselmeer
- salt lake river but then turned into a fresh lake
- Goree island
- an island off the coast of senegal that served as a major departure point for slaves during the slave trade.
- cash crops
- a crop grown for direct fale and not for use in a region
- crusades
- a series of wars to take palestine form the muslims
- maquiladoras
- factories in mexico taht assemble imported materials into finsihed products that are then exported.
- slash and burn
- a way of clearing fields for planting by cutting trees, brush, and grasses and burning them.
- mutapa empire
- the muslim empire established by the early 1500s over much of indian, which brought with it new customs that sometimes conflicted with those of native hindus.
- NAFTA
- the important trade agreement that created a huge zone of cooperation on trade and economic issues
- Berlin wall
- a wall erected by east Geramany in 1961 to cut the capital of berlin in 2, and later dismantled in 1989
- reformation
- a period when many christians broke away from the catholic church and started protestant to fight religoius wars that tore europe apart.
- llanos
- a large, grassy, treeless are in south america, used fro grazing and farming
- terpen
- dikes and high earthen platforms
- sirocco
- hot, steady south wind that blows from north africa across the mediterranean sea into southern europe
- zuider zee
- an arm of the north sea and now ia fresh water lake
- bantu migration
- the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000
- polder
- land that is reclaimed by diking and draining
- taiga
- nearly continuous belt of evergreen conferous forests across the northern hemisphere, in the north america and eurasia
- push factors
- a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region
- Holocaust
- the Nazi program of mass murder of european jews during world war 2
- Berlin conference
- a conference of 14 european nations held in 1884-1885 in berlin, germany, to establish rules for political control of africa
- massif central
- one sixth of french lands are located in the uplands
- folk art
- produced by rural people with traditional lifestyles instead of by professional artists.
- stateless society
- is one in which people rely on family lineages to govern themselves, rather than an elected government ro monarch.
- rain forest
- are dense forest made up of differernt species of trees