Geology
Terms
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Elastic rebound theory
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"faults remain locked while strain energy accumulates in the rock formation on both sides, temporarily deforming them until a sudden slip along the fault releases the energy"
- Epicenter
- the point at the surface directly above the focus
- Fault
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locus of the earthquake movement, come in all scales
- Focus
- site of initial rupture (usually at depth)
- Liquifaction
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sudden loss of strength of water-saturated sediment; buildings fall down intact
- Love Wave
- shear vibrations in the horizontal plane (side-to-side, shaking motion)
- P Waves
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(compressional-primary) Parallel to direction of movement, also called primary waves. Similar to sound waves
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Rayleigh Wave
- shear and compressional vibrations in both the horizontal and vertical planes
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S Waves
- (shear, secondary) perpendicular to direction of movement, also called secondary waves, result from shear strength of material--do not move through liquid
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Seismic Waves
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a general term for the elastic waves produced by earthquakes and explosions
- Seismology
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study of the propagation of mechanical energy; released by earthquakes and explosions through the Earth
- Slip
- the distance of displacement along the fault