Geology 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Characteristics of Natural Hazards
- - magnitude of an event is inversely proportionate to frequency -not randomly distributed -past events can affects future events -un/related events can coincide to amplify the scope of disaster. predicting is not generally possible.
- anthropogenic
- results from human interaction
- Global Deaths
- Hurricanes (41%) Earthquakes (36%) Floods (14%) 86% occur in Asia due to location and more susceptible living conditions.
- Human Response
- Proactive: land use planning, building codes, insurance requirements, disaster prep, evacuation, artificial control or reactive.
- Disaster and location
- MDC= more monetary loss LDC= more fatalities
- Human Population Growth
- -number one environmental problem -carrying capacity= 9-10 billion people (2050) -growth rate= 1.2% which is exponential
- Current Age of Mass Extinction?
- 1000 species die per year where as the normal rate is 100 per year.
- Minerals
- -naturally occurring -inorganic -solid - specific chemical composition - regular internal atomic arrangement (crystalline)
- Polymorphs
- minerals with the same composition but different structure.
- Isomorphs
- minerals with same atomic shape but different composition
- Mineral Physical Properties
- color, hardness, density, shape, cleavage of fracture, luster, streak, reaction to acid and other special properties such as magnetism or taste.
- Earth\'s Crust composition
- 62.55% Oxygen and 21.22% Silicon
- Silicates can be separated by...
- structural class or chemical class (which are ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian). Silica Tetrahedron: SiO(4)(-4)
- Ferromagnesian versus Non Ferromagnesian
- the latter is lighter, less dense, has a low melting point, can resist weathering and contains more silicon than iron or magnesium. The former is the opposite and contains more iron and magnesium than silicate.
- Other mineral groups
- Carbonate, sulfates, oxides, hydroxides, Halide, sulfides and native elements.
- Ways rocks are formed
- -crystallize from molten rock -pre-existing rock is altered by chemical reaction with atmosphere and surface water - pre-existing rock is altered by precipitate from seawater, etc - change in heat, pressure, and/or chemical condition
- Rock
- a solid, cohesive aggregate of minerals or mineral-like materials. Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.
- All rocks participate in the...
- rock cycle= change into other types of rocks
- Igneous
- 95% of Earths outermost 100km show parent magma/temperature and pressure at time of formation
- Magma
- Molten rock, crystals and volatiles below the Earth;s surface
- Lava
- fluid molten rock that issues from volcanoes or fissures
- Pyroclastics
- Particulate material thrown out by volcanoes (ejecta or tephra)