SUPA forensics
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- criminalistics
- application of science to those criminal and civil laws enforced by police and justice systems
- physical science unit
- chemistry, physics, geology applied to identify and compare CS evidence
- biology unit
- identification and DNA profiling of dried blood stains, bodily fluids, hairs, fibers, identification of woods and plants
- firearms unit
- identification of firearms, bullets, cartridge cases, shotgun shells, and ammunition
- document examination unit
- handwriting and typewriting on questioned documents (authenticity and source)
- photography unit
- examine and record physical evidence: digital imaging, infrated, ultraviolet & x-ray photography
- toxicology unit
- examines bodily fluids,& organs to determine if drugs and poisons were a factor in the crime
- latent fingerprint unit
- processing and examining for latent fingerprints
- polygraph unit
- lie detector, used in interrogation
- voiceprint analysis
- unique soundprints are compared to people from telephone threats, etc
- evidence collection unit
- collected evidence that will be processed in the lab is taken from these special workers
- Frye standard
- "generally accepted"
- Daubert ruling
- "general acceptance" is not an absolute prerequisite to the admissibility of the evidence
- expert witness
- if i witness can establish to the satisfaction of a trial judge that he or she posesses a particular skill or knowledge that will aid the court in determining the truth
- forensic pathology
- investigation of sudden, unnatural, unexplained or violent deaths
- qualitative observation
- observations that do NOT involve measurements or numbers
- quantitative observations
- observations that DO involve measurements or numbers
- rigor mortis
- after death, the shortening and stiffening of the body
- livor mortis
- after death, results in the settling of blood in areas of the body closest to the ground
- algor mortis
- postmortem changes that cause a body to lose heat
- forensic entomology
- the study of insects
- forensic anthropology
- identification and observation of human skelatol remains
- forensic psychaitry
- relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings is examined
- forensic odontology
- identification of the body through teeth and dental records (charred victims, etc)
- forensic engineering
- failure analysis, accident reconstruction, causes and oridins of fires or explosions
- posessing crime scene
-
1. secure& isolate
2. record the scene
3. photograph
4. sketch
5. take notes
6. search for evidence
7. collect&package evidence
8. COC
9.reference samples - physical evidence
- any object that can link a crime and a victim or make an explanation
- rough sketch
- depiction of dimensions of the scene
- finished sketch
- drawn with care for aesthetic appearance (drafting tools, rulers)
- search methods
-
1. spiral
2. grid method
3. sprip/line
4. zone/quadrant - Loccard
- cross transfer of evidence
- chain of custody
- standard procedures in recording location, identification, each person who handled the evidence
- individual characteristics
- evidence with an extremely high degree of probability, such as ridges of a fingerprint
- class characteristics
- evidence that is possessed by a group
- refractive index=
-
velocity of light in a vacuum
_____________________________
velocity of light in a medium - amorphous solids
- solids that lack a definite arrangement in crystals
- birefringence
- phenomenon of double refraction of light waves in a transparent ordered material
- tempered glass
- glass that dices and doesnt shard
- laminated glass
- sandwiches plastic between two layers of ordinary glass window
- becke line
- bright halo near the border of the piece of glass in a liquid medium. it disappears when the refractive indices are the same
- radial fractures
- straight lines from the epicenter
- concentric fractures
- circles surrounding the hole
- spectrophotometry
- an analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorbtion of diff wavelengths of light
- chromatography
- seperating and tentatively identifying the components of a mixture
- gas chromatography
- separates mixtures on the basis of their distibution between a stationary liquid and moving gas phase
- pyrolysis
- decomposition of organic matter by heat
- mass spectrophotometry
- no two substances produce the same fragmental pattern
- electrophoresis
- separation of molecules through their migrationon a support medium whle under the influence of electrons
- cuticle
- scale structure covering the exterior of the hair
- cortex
- main body of the hair shaft
- medulla
- cellular column running through the center of the hair
- medullary index
- diameter of the medulla relative to the diameter of the hair
- natural fibers
- derived from plants or animal sources
- man made fibers
-
rayon- 1911, nylon 1939
synthetic fibers - automotive finishings
-
1. electrocaot primer
2. primer
3. basecoat
4. clearcoat