Geology 101 Lab Final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is the difference between physical and historical geology?
- Historical considers the chronology of events in the past and physical is about understanding processes and materials.
- ANGULAR UNCONFORMITY
- an uncomformity b/t nonparallel strata
- NONCONFORMITY
- uncomformity b/t sed rock/sed & non-sed rock
- What is the mesosphere?
- It is the mantle between the core and the asthenosphere. It is like silly puddy.
- FAULTS
- breaks in rock units along which movement has occurred
- QUADRANGLE
- a section of Earth's surface that is bounded by lines of latitude and longitude
- DECLINATION
- difference in degrees (like the difference b/t compass north and true north)
- PHOTOREVISION
- aerial photos used to discover changes on the landscape
- BENCHMARK
- permanent marker placed by the U.S. Geological Survey or Bureau of Land Management at the point indicated on the map (elevation)
- RELIEF
- difference in elevation b/t 2 points on a map
- GRADIENT
- measure of the steepness of a slope
- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
- constellation of 28 navigational satellites in 12-hour orbits about 12,000 miles above Earth
- BEARING
- compass direction along a line from one point to another
- FLIGHT LINE
- route flown by the photographing aircraft
- STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
- study of how geologic units are arranged when first formed and how they are deformed afterward
- GEOLOGIC MAP
- shows the distribution of rocks at Earth's surface
- FORMATIONS
- mappable units that can be recognized and traced across the map area
- MEMBERS
- what formations are subdivided into
- CONTACTS
- boundaries b/t geologic units
- GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION
- a drawing of a vertical slice through Earth, with material in front removed
- BLOCK DIAGRAM
- combo of geologic map & cross section
- ATTITUDE
- orientation of a rock formation or surface
- STRIKE
- compass bearing of a line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined stratum, fault, fracture, or other surface
- DIP
- the angle b/t a horizontal plane and the inclined stratum, fault, or fracture
- DIP ANGLE
- inclination of the water line down from the horizontal plane
- DISCONFORMITY
- uncomformity b/t relatively parallel strata
- NORMAL FAULTS
- caused by tension
- REVERSE FAULT
- caused by compression
- THRUST FAULT
- reverse fault that develops at a very low angle and may be difficult to recognize
- STRIKE SLIP FAULT
- caused by shear
- ANTIFORMS
- upfolds or convex folds in rock layers (if oldest rocks in middle it is an anticline)
- SYNFORMS
- downfolds or concave folds (youngest rocks in middle than it is a syncline)
- PLUNGE
- angle b/t the fold axis and horizontal
- MONOCLINES
- folds that have 2 axial planes that separate 2 nearly horizontal limbs from a more steeply inclined limb
- DOMES
- large somewhat circular structures formed when strata are warped upward, strata oldest at the center
- BASINS
- large somewhat circular structures formed when strata are warped downward, youngest at the center
- ALLUVIUM
- gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited in floodplains, point bars, channel bars, deltas, and alluvial fans
- DENDRITIC PATTERN
- resembles branching of a tree
- RECTANGULAR PATTERN
- network of channels with right-angle bends that form a pattern of interconnected rectangles & squares
- RADIAL PATTERN
- channel flow outward from a central area, like the spokes of a wheel
- CENTRIPETAL PATTERN
- channels converge on a central point, often a lake or playa, at the center of a closed basin
- ANNULAR PATTERN
- set of incomplete, concentric rings of streams connected by short radial channels
- TRELLIS PATTERN
- resembles a rose trellis, where the main streams are long, parallel, and intersected at nearly right angles by their tributaries