French and British in Ohio

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Ohio Country: The land that became our state; includes parts of Indiana, West Virginia and Pennsylvania
New France: The lands in N America claimed by Jacques Cartier for the French King. (1535) near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.
Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieu de la Salle: Ran a trading post in New France; He discovered the "Beautiful River" (Ohio River)This brought many traders and trappers to Ohio Country
Colony: a place ruled by a distant country
Celeron de Blainville: Went to Ohio Country in 1749 to get the British to leave; he buried a lead plate at the mouth of each river saying the Ohio Country belonged to France
Christophe Gist: Sent by British business people to survey (measure) the land; they planned to sell land in the Ohio Country to Colonists
George Croghan: Owned the largest British trading post in the Ohio Country
The Road to War: 1752- French attacked Pickawillany, forced British traders to leave and began to build forts along Ohio River
1753 - Robert Dinwiddie order G. Washington to protect trading post in Pittsburgh, built Ft. Duquesne
Fort Necessity: fort built at G. Washington's orders to protect the British; wasn't strong enough
What the British and French wanted: British - to settle on the land forcing the Native Am. out

French - wanted to build trade in Ohio Country
French and Indian War: French and Native Americans fought against the British; "the seven years war"; fought in both Europe and N. America.
ally: person or country that joins with another for a common purpose
treaty: an agreement between two countries to end the war; French and Indian War ended in 1763.
Treaty Of Paris: ended French and Indian War; French gave all land in N. America to the British - all of Canada as well as land east of the Mississippi River
Pontiac: Native American leader - Ottawa; began a war against the British; they finally gave up
Henry Bouquet: British soldier sent to protect forts against Ottawa and other tribes
frontier: the area near the edge of settlements
proclamation: law
1763 Proclamation: British set up Appalachian Mountains as a dividing line; American Colonists couldn't move west of the mountains
squatters: people who settled on land w/out permission
Logan: a Mingo leader- his family was murdered by colonists; "Logan's Lament"
Declaration of Independence: written in 1776; declared the colonists decision to be independent of British rule
tax: money people pay to the government so it can perform public services
American Revolution: war fought with American colonies to end British rule
Cornstalk: agreed to fight against the American colonists of the Northwest (the land just west of the Appalachian!)
Killed in 1777 by American colonists
Fort Laurens: built by Americans along the Tuscarawas River - only fort built in Ohio during the American Revolution.
Simon Kenton: skilled tracker who supplied food to the Ohioans during long winter months; sometimes acted as a spy
Ann Bailey: a squatter who acted as a scout and spy
George Rogers Clark: led colonial soldiers through Ohio; attacked British posts in Illinois and Indiana; defeated the British
mission: a religious settlement
Year of Blood: 1782 - worst year of war in Ohio
Gnadenhutten: tents of grace; built by Moravian Germans; they taught Delawares it was wrong to fight; Delawares refused to fight in Am. Revolution; angry Americans killed 96 of them
William Crawford; David Williamson: led the attack on Gnadenhutten; Crawford escaped but was later tortured to death by the Native Americans
Articles of Confederation: 1777; written as a basis for setting up their own government; took 4 years to approve the articles
Land Ordinance of 1785: Land was to be divided in to 6 mile squares called townships (Ohio 1st) Each townships had 36 small squares called sections (1 mile long/640 acres); sold for $1/acre
Northwest Ordinance: 1787 - passed by Congress
gave the region a name - the Northwest Territory; set up the government
Northwest Ordinance 3 step plan to statehood: 1. Choose leaders - governor, secretary and 3 judges
2. After 5000 white males settled they would vote for legislature
3. 60,000 people could write constitution and ask to be a state
*Ohio 1st state from NW Territory
Arthur St. Clair: First Governor of Northwest Territory
trial by jury: the right for a person accused of a crime to be judged by people in the community
slavery: forbidden in the Northwest Ordinance
Danielle Boone: Scout who helped mark the Wilderness road through the Appalachian Mountains
pioneers: are people who settle on land that is new to them
flatboats: wooden rafts with low sides steered down the river with long wooden oars
Josiah Harmar: 1785 - he and his soldiers forced the squatters to leave

Built a fort (Ft. Harmar) at the mouth of Muskingum River where it flows into Ohio River
Marietta: Ohio Company's first settlement; named after French Queen Marie Antoinette; First permanant European American settlement in the NW Territory and first in what is now Ohio; build Fort Martius at the center of settlement to protect against raids from Native Americans
Cleve Symmes: 1787 - bought the land between the Little Miami and Great Miami RIvers; Called the Symmes Purchase; Benjamin Stiles bought first land and set up Columbia at the mouth of the Little Miami River
Losantiville: 2nd settlement in the Symmes Purchase
Fort Washington: built by settlers of both Columbia and Losantiville (changed it's name to Cincinnati)
Connecticut Land Company: Moses Cleaveland - led group to survey land; settled along Cuyahoga River -- it's now Cleveland; grew slowly but is now a big city
Clearing the Land: much of land was covered by forest; settlers cleared away land and cut down trees, burned logs or hauled them away
Providing Food: Settlers brought seeds with them for fist planting; crop was usually corn; was made into food and fed to livestock; some saved for next year's crop; other food - hunting, berries, fruits; plants are used as medicine since there were few doctors

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Number of cards 51