Preclassic Anthropological Theorists
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- Although Mauss could be considered a classic anthropologist, why is he best described as 'preclassic'?
- Mauss is Durkheimian in approach, and thus has more in common with the preclassic anthropologists.
- Did Durkheim engage in field work?
- No, Durkheim did not engage in field work. Durkheim and Mauss were both "armchair anthropologists".
- List at least seven contributions Boas made towards anthropology.
- cultural relativism; participant observation; statistical analysis; learn local language; use physical anthro to tackle political and practical problems; destruction of 'fixed racial types'; look at variation within and between groups.
- In a lecture in 1911, Rivers announced that he was no longer a "_____ ______", but a "_____".
- Cultural evolutionist; diffusionist.
- How does Frazer explain puzzling cultural customs?
- By looking at parallels.
- What is Tylor's focus?
- As a cultural evolutionist, Tylor's focus is on material evolution, and religious evolution, including mythology.
- Morgan's first full-length ethnography,"League of the Iroquois" shows a wide range of interests, including...(name 7)
- field work; kinship and marriage; cultural change; applied anthro; animal/human comparisons; architecture/house types; and archaeology.
- According to Tylor, are maternal/paternal systems always in coexistence, and do they represent stages?
- No, they are not always in coexistence, and they do not represent stages but two ways of organizing.
- Who composed the first ethnographies on the Huron people, and why did these people produce relatively good ethnographies?
- The French missionaries; they lived with the Hurons for a long time, they spoke the native language, they were relatively less prejudiced and they could be considered relatively intellectually competent.
- From McLellan's time to WWII, these 2 anthropologists were important to the study of Totemism.
- Spencer and Gillen.
- What was Rivers' focus?
- Kinship and social organization.
- Which of these anthropologists conducted field work: Morgan, Tylor, Frazer, Durkheim, Mauss, Rivers, Boas.
- Morgan, Rivers and Boas.
- Who developed "Cephalic Index" and what is it?
- Cephalic Index (racist idea) was developed by Anders Retzius.It is [max. breadth/max. length x 100].
- What major contribution did Boas make to the way in which anthropology is studied in North America?
- Boas introduced the 4-field approach.
- Explain the terms monogenesis and polygenesis.
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Monogenesis = one origin; and
Polygenesis = many origins.