Colorado History
Terms
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- John Routt
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Last Territotial Gov
Ist State Govt
Natural Forest named after him - Bautista de Anza
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San Carlos
Govt of NM 1779 Commanche
cono verde
1787 Spanish Teach farming - Jim Beckworth
- Mt Man
- George Bent
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Son of William Bent
Bents fort - john Evans
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Co founder of Northwestern in Chicago
2nd territorial governor of CO after G9ilpen fired - Battle of Summit Springs
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Ended indian wars in CO
5-600 Dog Soldiers
Major Carr 5th Us Cavalry with 150 Pawnee scouts hired to hunt Cheyenne and Sioux
Luther North kills Tall Bull who had split band strategy
57 died Pawnee may have slaughtered 200 women and children included - Swansea Smelting
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used with early Lode Mines
sulfides used to extract ore
developed by Nathanial Hill at Brown Univ.
saved gold rush- big ovens roast ores, burns off sulfides furnace 1400 degrees C separates ore - John Ulibarri
- Spanish Explorer who takes first formal possession of Co for Spain
- San Carlos
- first attempted European Settlement
- Kit Carson
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Mt man
Fremont expedition Mt man folklore
trapper UTE INDIAN Agent
Buffalo Hunter for Bent fort - Zebulon Pike
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Zebulon Pike received the assignment to find the headwaters of the Red and Arkansas Rivers in 1806
Zebulon Pike 's claim to history is the discovery of the peak in Colorado that bears his name Pikes Peak. Zebulon Pike never reached the summit but in those days just finding the mountain was enough
Arrested by the Spanish Zebulon Pike was accused of trespassing and during the trip as a prisoner, Zebulon Pike was able to see more country on the way to Chihuahua for questioning
Released from prison Zebulon Pike in 1807 and returned to the U.S. with bountiful information about our frontiers
Zebulon Pike 's memory gave critical insights reflecting the New Mexico Territory to the United States government - Bents Fort
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William and Charles Bent, along with Ceran St. Vrain, built the original fort on this site in 1833 to trade with plains Indians and trappers. The adobe fort quickly became the center of the Bent, St.Vrain Company's expanding trade empire that included Fort St.Vrain to the north and Fort Adobe to the south, along with company stores in Mexico at Taos and Santa Fe. The primary trade was with the Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians for buffalo robes.
For much of its 16-year history, the fort was the only major permanent white settlement on the Santa Fe Trail between Missouri and the Mexican settlements. - jacking
- Hand-drilling of blasting holes by one man, holding and turning the drill with one hand and hitting it with a four-pound sledge with the other.
- william green russell
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Green first mined gold in his native Georgia. Later he did well in the 1849
rush in California, but his claim to fame will be for starting the Colorado
gold rush when he made a strike there in 1858. Being a Southerner kept Green
from being able to capitalize on his successes, since Colorado was securely in
Union hands throughout the War. Green led a home guard unit in his native
Georgia and returned to Colorado after the war. In 1876 he settled in Indian
Territory and died there the following year. - Sand Creek Massacre
- Scattered Indian raids had caused much ill-will between the white settlers and the Native Americans. In the autumn, Territorial (Colorado) officers had offered a vague amnesty if Indians reported to army forts. Black Kettle with many Cheyennes and a few Arapahos, believing themselves to be protected, established a winter camp about 40 miles from Fort Lyon. On November 29, Col. John Chivington, who advocated Indian extermination, arrived near the camp, having marched there from Fort Lyon. In spite of the American flag and a white flag flying over the camp, the troops attacked, killing and mutilating about 200 of the Indians, two-thirds of whom were women and children.
- Paleo Indians
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archaic
big game hunters
historic - Dominiquez & Escalante
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1776 two priests
seeling overland route to Ca
first europeans to map western co and Utah - San Luis
- Ist permanent European settlement in CO 1851
- Lancaster LUPTON
- Lancaster Lupton not only established Fort Lupton as a fur trading post but sometime in late 1839 or early 1840 established another fur trading post. This was called Fort Platt and it was located on the North Platte River about a mile from the successful fort we now call Fort Laramie. He had taken for a bride a chiefÂ’s daughter named Tomas and the home of her tribe was in this area. Unlike many fur traderÂ’s unions with Indian women, this marriage was permanent. When Fort Lupton ceased in its fur trading activity, Lupton and Tomas moved to an area in southern Colorado near Pueblo called Hardscrabble.
- Mariano Medina
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taos mt man
European 1856 LOVELAND
told big lie about medina gonzalez lupton
Born in Taos, New Mexico in 1812, Mariano Medina was a friend of Kit Carson, Louis Vasquez, the Bent brothers along other legendary mountain men like Jim Bridger and Tom Toblin. - Sante fe trail
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Santa Fe Trail, overland route, extending from western Missouri to Santa Fe, in present-day New Mexico, and used mainly for trade. The trail opened in 1821 and was in use almost continuously until 1880.
The trail, which was about 1255 km (about 780 mi) long, began in Independence, Missouri, traveled west to the Arkansas River, and followed the river southwest. The route then split into two branches. One route continued along the river to BentÂ’s Fort (now La Junta), Colorado, and then south through Raton Pass to Santa Fe. The second route cut across the Cimarron Desert to Santa Fe. The Cimarron Desert route was shorter and easier for the wagon parties than the mountainous Raton Pass, but travelers risked attacks by Native Americans and shortages of water. Other trails that were connected to the Santa Fe Trail included the Old Spanish Trail, which linked Santa Fe to Los Angeles, and the El Camino Real, which connected Santa Fe to Mexico City. - Ft St Vrain
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fur trading post designed to put others out of business
Built by Ceran St. Vrain and the Bent brothers in 1837 near present day Platteville, Colorado, St. Vrain's Fort was a major trading post on the Platte River until 1848. - atl atl
- throwing stick used by archaic indians
- Auraria
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1858 Founded by Russell
named in honor of their hometown in GA