Western: Greek History
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are the basic ideals that organized Ancient Greek society?
-
1. arete
2. xenia
3. reciprocity
4. ergon - arete
- excellence and virtue especially in character
- xenia
- hospitality and being guest-friendly
- reciprocity
- people helping one another (eg. loans and repaying them)
- ergon
- good hard work
- why was it important for Greeks to share similar ideals?
-
1. if all Greeks have similar values, then they will treat each other as equals
2. allowed traveling Greeks to feel at home wherever they were - Athens vs. Sparta: government
-
A: democracy
S: monarchy; 2 kings and 28 other leaders - Athens vs. Sparta: citizens and government
-
A: people serve as jurors
S: people in military forever - Athens vs. Sparta: education
-
A: focus on learning, get ready for government
S: courage, endurance and obedience - prepare for military - Athens vs. Sparta: ideal citizens
-
A: confident, male, assertive, intelligent
S: soldier, married, educated, brave - How did geography affect politics in Greece?
-
Athens: part of the mainland, so it was difficult to defend
Sparta: an island, isolated, easier to defend - How did geography affect Greek economic structure?
-
1. the tarde from island to island
2. hard to travel with the high mountians to trade - Homer
- a blind poet who traveled from village to village and he inspired European writers and artists
- Democracy
- government by the people
- Socrates
- A man who came up with a theory and a method to gain more knowledge
- Socratic method
- he would walk up to a group and say a random a question and listen to the other people's opinions and that would create the theory of gaining knowledge
- How were the values and beliefs of the Greeks reflected in their arts?
- their art was based on the stories of the gods and the different values
- the "classical ideal" in the arts
-
1.Portraits
2.Interior Décor
3.The Classical Nude
4.Glassblowing
5.Gems
6.Wreaths - Lords
- landowner
- vassals
- person who receives land from lord
- knights
- men who defended their lords' land
- serfs
- people who could not leave the place they were born
- fief
- granted land
- manor
- the lord's estate
- tithe
- church tax
- sacraments
- sacred rites
- excommunication
- christians that disobeyed the church
- hierarchy
- the different ranks that people had
- stained glass
- windows that were illustrated the stories from the Bible (not many people knew how to read)
- Gothic Architecture
- a cathedral that reached "up to the heavens"
- The Plague
- A DEADLY DISEASE!!!! it killed 1/3 of Europe's population
- Pope Urban II
- a person who convinced everyone to go into war
- Flying buttress
- arks that transferred weight to the exterior walls
- feudal contract
- an agreement when the lord would give land to the vassal in exchange for protection
- decentralization
- land that was spread from 1 King to many different Lords; grandsons fightin and invasions
- Individualism
- an idea that allows individual thinking
- Humanism
- intelectual movement focused on human potential achievements
- Secular
- concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
- Renaissance
- a time period that changed the culture, art, learning and views of the world
- vernacular
- the language that was spoken everyday
- William Shakespeare
- he was a Famous English play writer (plays about emotion)
- Michelangelo
- 1475-1564 Italian sculpture, painter, poet, and architect
- Erasmus
- dutch scholar, leading humanist, a writer
- Machiavelli
- 1469-1527 Itlian Politician and author wrote ( The Prince ) supported a moral
- prespective
- artistic technique that created the appearance of 3-D on a flat surface
- Predestination
- the doctrine that God has decided all things before hand, including which people will be eternally saved
- the Council of Trent
- a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by to Protestant reformers
- Catholic Reformation
- a 16th-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation
- Anglican Church
- relating to the churh of England
- Reformation
- a 16th century movement for religios reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority