POLI 100 TERMS
Terms
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- Liberalism
- An ideology which holds individual liberty as its paramount value, and argues that the state, being a contract between citizens and their government must preserve the rights of the individual through the rule of law, equality of opportunity and tolerance amongst its members
- Democracy
- a system of government by the whole population or elected representatives
- Sovereignty
- Supreme power of lawmaking within territory
- Regionalism
- the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural or political affiliation
- State Power (Marxist)
- belief that power of state is illusionary; real power exists in economic realm
- Oligarchy
- oppressive rule by a small group of people
- Modernity
- individuals paramount, growing belief in science, development of market and the idea of progress
- Utilitarian
- The doctrine that actions are right or useful if for the benefit of the majority
- Charismatic Authority
- Rule based on exceptional qualities of person
- 1st Wave Feminism
- focused on gaining the vote for women
- Collective Responsibility of Cabinet
- Cabinet must publicly support all decisions made by cabinet, or resign
- Unitary system
- concentration of power (no division among states, provinces or territories)
- Repatriation
- the process of returning refugees or soldiers to their homes, most notably after a war
- Empiricism
- Theory of knowledge emphasizing the role of experience, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas
- Traditional Authority
- rule by virtue of inherited right
- Federal system
- division of powers from counties and provinces/states/territories
- State Power (Liberal)
- belief that power of state is dangerous: to be kept in check by rights of citizens and constitution
- Monarchy
- a sovereign head of state, with intentions for the common good
- Legislative
- having the power to make laws
- Bureaucracy
- a system of government in which the most important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives
- Judicial
- of, by, or appropriate to a court or judge
- Rational Legal Authority
- rule by virtue of holding office
- Tyranny
- cruel or oppressive government or rule
- Politics (Standard)
- The Art and Science of governing
- globalization
- The social and economic process through which the borders of geography, national politics and culture are overcome by global flows of capital, technology, investment and trade at a highly accelerated rate
- State
- the apparatus of government, consisting of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government and all institutions to which they delegate power
- Politics (Post-Modern)
- The construction of and resistance to power in society as a whole
- Ministerial responsibility
- if waste, corruption, or any other misbehaviour is found to have occurred within a ministry, the minister is responsible even if the minister had no knowledge of the actions
- Socialism
- an ideology which believes that capitalism, as an economic system creating poverty, alienation and equality for the vast majority of people, must be replaced or modified by a more egalitarian economic system which would include common ownership of production, free education, healthcare and social services
- Coercion
- persuasion of an unwilling person to do something by using force or threats
- 3rd Wave Feminism
- focused on recognizing our differences
- Power
- Ability to do something; ability to convince others to do something; ability to force others to do something
- Authority
- the legitimate exercise of power
- Polity
- rule by a large group of people, with interest in common good
- Constituency
- a body of voters in a specified body who elect a representative to a legislative body
- Behaviouralism
- Empirical method - hypothesis tested with data
- Executive
- having the power to put plans, actions or laws into effect
- Pluralism
- Groups at heart of state - State is seen as neutral mediator between different groups
- 2nd Wave Feminism
- focused on gaining equality for women
- State Power (Conservative)
- belief that power is necessary to maintain order in anarchic world
- Neo-institutionalism
- State can be reduced to its institutions/constitution
- Multiculturalism
- Heterogeneous population within a nation state
- Post-modernism
- the belief that there is no single objective truth but many relative "truths"
- Neo-conservatism
- An ideology which brings together a belief in fiscal conservatism, that is a return to classical liberalism (increase the free market, decrease the size of government), with a social conservatism, that is a call to return to traditional notions of social and political morality, with state as moral authoritarian figure
- Post-Modern Challenge
- belief that power is not a capacity to be held but a force that circulates, what can be a creative force and which extends beyond the state
- Post-materialism
- assumes an ongoing transformation of individuals and society which liberates them gradually from the stress of basic acquisitive or materialistic needs
- Aristocracy
- the government of a state by a small group of its best citizens, intending to rule for the common good