Bordley Geography Exam Review
This is exam review #1 for Mr. Bordley's World Geography class.
Terms
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- Ottawa
- the capital of Canada
- communism
- a political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life
- surface water
- water that is found in Earth's streams, rivers, and lakes
- Subarctic climate
- long, cold winters and short, warm summers; mostly very cold, little precipitation, most of Canada, most of Russia, most of Alaska
- relative location
- a general description of where a place is, usually using directions
- monarchy
- a type of government ruled directly by a king, queen, or royal family
- physical geography
- the study of the world's physical features; its landforms, bodies of water, climates, soils, and plants
- landforms
- shapes on the planet's surface
- habitat
- the place where a plant or animal lives
- Prime Meridian
- an imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England and is 0° longitude; like the equator for longitude
- regionalism
- the strong connection that people feel towards their region in which they live
- geography
- the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create
- Peace Corps
- a civilian organization sponsored by the US government that helps people in 3rd world countries
- Humid Continental climate
- a climate with long, cold winters and short, warm summers; mixed forest, New York City, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Detroit
- Niagara Falls
- a big and important waterfall that the US and Canada shares; between Ontario and New York
- revolution
- one trip around the Sun (for the Earth)
- cultural diversity
- the state of having a variety of cultures in the same area
- humus
- decayed plant or animal matter
- humanitarian aid
- assistance to people in distress
- latitude
- imaginary lines that measure how north or south of the equator a location is
- reforestation
- planting trees to replace lost forestland
- 3 T's
- trade, travel, transportation
- assimilation
- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
- Great Lakes
- a group of five lakes in the Northeast and Midwest; largest group of freshwater lakes in the world
- nomadic people
- people who don't live in one place for a long time, people who move around a lot
- primary industry
- an industry that uses natural resources to make money
- water vapor
- water as an invisible gas in the air
- ocean currents
- large streams of surface water
- infastructure
- the set of resources, like roads and factories, that a country needs to support economic activities
- Mediterranean climate
- a climate with dry, sunny, warm summers and mild, wetter winters; vacation-like weather, Rome, Greece, California
- bilingual
- the ability to speak two languages
- Interior Plains
- a region stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Great Plains, great farmland, farmland caused by Miss. River
- Five Themes of Geography
- Place, Location, Movement, Human-Environment Interaction, and Regions
- free enterprise
- an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices
- 3rd world country
- a country with a less productive economy and a lower quality of life
- fresh water
- water without salt
- deforestation
- the clearing of trees
- plate tectonics
- a theory that suggests that Earth's surface is divided into a dozen or so slow-moving plates, or pieces of the Earth's crust
- dictatorship
- a type of government in which a single, powerful ruler has total control
- important waterways
- Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River, Mississippi River, Chesapeake Bay, Ohio River, Hudson Strait
- coniferous forests
- forests with trees that grow cones instead of leaves
- free trade
- unrestricted trade; no limits
- Tropical climate
- a climate very close to the equator, warm, humid, lots of rain, lots of rain forest, Amazon, Congo, southern Mexico, Miami
- ecosystem
- a group of plants and animals that depend on each other for survival and the environment in which they live
- Alfred Wegener
- scientist who came up with the theory of continental drift and tectonic plates
- premier
- like the governor of a US state
- Grand Banks
- a large fishing ground off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrabor
- desertification
- the spread of desertlike conditions
- extinct
- to die out
- megalopolis
- a string of large cities that have grown together
- rain forests
- forests in the tropics that receive a high amount of rain per year and have plants and animals that can withstand its humidity
- permafrost
- permanently frozen layers of soil
- St. Lawrence River
- an important river that runs through Canada and links the Great Lakes and the Gulf of St. Lawrence
- Appalachian Mountains
- an old, low mountain range located in the eastern US with smooth peaks due to erosion
- population
- the total number of people in a given area
- Mississippi River
- the longest river in North America, runs through Midwest and South, provides rich minerals for Interior Plains
- tributary
- a smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
- weather
- the short-term changes in the air for a given place or time
- Equator
- an imaginary line that runs around the globe halfway between the North and South Poles
- temperate
- synonym for moderate, medium, calm, or not extreme
- legend
- key to a map
- supply and demand
- an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)
- nationalism
- the strong connection that people feel towards the country in which they live
- imports
- goods bought and brought to a country
- United Nations
- an organization of the world's countries that promotes peace and security around the globe (full name)
- culture
- the set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people has in common
- 1st world country
- a country with a strong economy and a high quality of life
- deciduous forests
- forests with trees that lose their leaves
- the Heartland
- the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, where more than half of Canada's population lives, many French people live there, big cties like Ottawa, Toronto, and Montreal
- meteorology
- the study of weather and what causes it
- cultral diffusion
- the spread of culture traitsfrom one region to another
- precipitation
- water that falls to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
- popular culture
- culture traits that are well known and widely accepted; basketball, Apple, Facebook
- salt water
- water with salt
- steppes
- semidry grasslands or praries
- solar energy
- energy from the sun
- traditional economy
- a system in which people grow their own food and make their own goods; buying and bartering is the way to trade
- renewable resource
- a resource that Earth replaces naturally
- pulp
- softened wood fibers
- cartography
- the science of making maps
- environment
- surrondings
- climate
- a region's average weather conditions over a long period of time
- maritime
- on or near the sea
- ethnic group
- a group of people who share a common culture and ancestry
- Humid Subtropical climate
- a climate with hot, humid summers and mild, wetter winters; rain year-round, Washington, DC, New Orleans, Hong Kong, Atlanta
- hydrology
- the study of water on Earth
- silt
- fine particles of rock; Mississippi River sends it all through the Interior Plains
- population density
- a measure of the number of people living in a given area
- human geography
- the study of the world's people, communities, and landscapes
- front
- the place where two air masses of different temperature or moisture content meet
- North Pole
- the northernmost point on the Earth
- fossil fuels
- nonrenewable resources that formed the remains of ancient plants and animals, like oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy
- containment
- what the Americans wanted to do with communism; keep within its borders
- birth rate
- the annual number of births per 1,000 people
- water erosion
- when water carves or changes sediment; an example of it is the Grand Canyon
- Earth's tilt
- 23.5°, the reason we have seasons
- Highland climate
- wide ranges of temperature and precipitation; ranges from forest to tundra; high regions; cenral Asia, western South America
- renewable resources
- resources that Earth replaces naturally; examples are solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectric power
- domino theory
- a theory that says if one region falls under the influence of something, then other nieghboring regions will soon follow
- longitude
- imaginary lines that measure how east or west of the Prime Meridian a location is
- scale
- the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it on a map; usually on the legend
- savannas
- areas of tall grasses and scattered trees and shrubs
- nonrenewable resources
- resources that cannot be replaced
- weathering
- the process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces
- exports
- goods made in a country used to trade with other countries
- Desert climate
- a hot and dry climate with less than 10 inches per year and little vegetation
- groundwater
- water found below Earth's surface
- literacy rate
- the percentage of people who can read and write
- big ports in the US and Canada
- Miami, Chicago, Baltimore, Boston, New York City, Vancouver, Montreal
- prime minister
- like the US's president; oversees the Parliament and appoints senators
- landscape
- all the human and physical features of a place that make it unique
- natural increase
- birth rate-death rate
- degrees
- the measurement for lines of latitude and longitude
- food chain
- what symbolizes who eats who in an ecosystem
- demographics
- statistics related to population
- death rate
- the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people
- titanium
- a strong metallic element, used in lacrosse sticks
- doldrums
- a belt of calms and light baffling winds north of the equator between the northern and southern trade winds in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
- private ownership
- property/resources that individuals own/control
- region
- a part of the world that has one or more common features that distinguish it from surronding areas
- natural resource
- any material in nature that people use and value
- rotation
- one complete spin of Earth on its axis
- map
- a flat drawing that shows all or part of the Earth's surface
- migration
- the process of moving from one place to live in another
- social science
- a field that studies people and the relationships among them
- crop rotation
- rotating crops in a cycle of at least 3 fields so that the nutrients in the soil are not overused
- glaciers
- large areas of slow-moving ice
- rain shadow
- when one side of a mountain gets a lot of wind and air, making it lush and green, while the other side gets little wind and rain, making it brown and dry
- John F. Kennedy
- the 35th US president who served during the Cold War and urged young Americans to serve their country in the 3rd world to help win the Cold War
- democracy
- a form of government in which the people elect leaders and rule by majority
- globe
- a spherical, or ball-shaped model of the entire planet
- erosion
- the movement of sediment from one location to another
- topography
- the configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features
- parallels
- lines of latitude
- culture trait
- an activity or behavior in which people often take part
- evergreen forests
- forests with tall, Chirstmas-like trees that stays green all year and don't lose their leaves
- tertiary industry
- an industry that provides services to people and businesses and sells things
- command economy
- a system in which the central government makes all economic decisions
- secondary industry
- an industry that uses raw materials to produce or manufacture something new
- continental divide
- an area of high ground that divides the flow of rivers towards opposite ends of a continent
- monsoons
- seasonal winds that bring either dry or moist air
- market economy
- a system based on private ownership, free trade, and competition; also called capitalism
- Canadian Shield
- a region of rocky uplands, lakes, and swamps that covers about half of Canada
- quanternary industry
- an industry that processes and distributes information
- Rocky Mountains
- the newest, highest, and biggest mountain range in North America with jagged peaks
- NGO
- an organization that helps people and is not sponsored by the government (initials)
- Limits on Life
- temperature, rainfall, and soil condition; determines where plants and animals can live
- tropics
- regions close to the equator
- subsidence living
- living and thinking about getting through the day or week; not thinking about long-term things
- Washington, DC
- the capital of the US
- water cycle
- the movement of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back; condensation->precipitation->runoff->evaporation
- flood
- when a certain place is overfull with water; often caused by too much precipitation
- continents
- large landmasses
- absolute location
- a specific description of a place, usually using latitude and longitude or an address
- globalization
- the process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade; improved communication+improved transportation
- Marine West Coast climate
- a climate with mild summers and cool, rainy winters; cloudy, strong ocean influence, Seattle, London, Vancouver