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geography semester 1

Terms

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industrialization
the process by which manufacturing based on machine power becomes widespread in an area.
north hemisphere
the half of the world lying to the north of the equator
Vladimir Lenin
leader of the communist party in Russia that took over Russia
subsistence economy
farming in which food is produced by a family just for it's own need.
humid subtropical climate
humid subtropical climates are characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to mild winters
monotheistic religions
belief in one god
east hemisphere
the half of the world lying to the east of the prime meridian
secondary sector
use raw materials to produce or manufacture something new
pangaea
a supercontinent 200 million years ago before the continents broke off
winter solstice
begins on Dec. 21st in northern hemisphere; northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, so it's the coldest time of the year
shoguns
a powerful warlord in early Japan
tsunami
a huge destructive wave
sediment depoisited landforms
sand dunes or floodplains
tertiary sector
provides services to people
dali llama
religious leader of the Tibetans
Communist Manifesto
a book written by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels; a history of the world; they claimed that up to the 19th century the world was ruled by the Bourgeoisie(The Haves) and the Proletariat(The Have- Nots); but eventually the Have- Nots would get tired of being pushed around and overthrow the Haves; they would then set up a government in which everyone was equal/.
ainu
the first people in Japan
Judaism
a religion that is all over the world; originated in Ur; beleive that the messiah will come and save them; father of Judaism is Abraham
map projections
different ways of presenting the earth on flat maps
west hemisphere
the half of the world lying to the west of the prime meridian
daimyo
wealthy landlords in early Japan
globalization
making cultural connections around the world
marine west coast climate
influenced by oceans; found on west coast of continents in upper middle latitudes; mild temperatures; summers warm and sunny; winters foggy, cloudy, and rainy.
soviets
local governing body of the Soviet Union
natural resources
materials that come from the earth that humans use to survive and are non- renewable
Cold War
the space, nuclear, and arms race between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1945- 1991).
water cycle
when water evaporates into vapor, cools and forms tiny droplets called condensation or clouds which become rain drops and fall to the earth or freeze then fall
primary sector
use natural resources directly
quaternary sector
process and distributes information
Confucianism
founded by Confucious; beleived in education; came up with lots of proverbs; didn't beleive it was a religion
typhoon
a hurricane in the Pacific Ocean
core
inner part of earth; very hot due to pressure.
compass rose
a circle on a chart indicating the direction of geographic north and sometimes magnetic north.
culture traits
activities and behaviors that people often take part in
polytheism
belief in multiple Gods
Mao Zedong
led the communist party to power in China
great circle route
the shortest route between any two places
acculturation
when individuals adopt traits of other cultures
mantle
has most of the earth's mass (1,800 miles).
economy
all resources bought, sold, traded, used, and not used for a particular region
atmosphere
gases that surround the earth, held in by gravity. (nitrogen 78%, 21% oxygen.)
tropical wet and dry
north and south to the tropical humid climates. they have heavy rainfall during summer. during the winter they have a dry season. they both have seasonal rainfall.
south hemisphere
the half of the world lying to the south of the equator
spring equinox
in the northern hemisphere the spring equinox begins on march 21st. In the north hemisphere days will increase and temperature will increase. Opposite for south hemisphere.
lakes
inland bodies of water
subartic climate
a climate found north of the humid continental climate and south of the polar climate
equator
divides the north and south hemispheres
Joeseph Stalin
one of the world's worst leaders ever; tool over Russia when Lenin died; is infamous for creating the seris of 5 year plans that supposed to show how much industry the U.S.S.R. would have
Islam
originated in Mecca; Muhammad is father of faith; believes Jesus was a great prophet
hydrologic cycle
the movement of water through the hydrosphere
capitilast economy
an economic system in which buisnesses, industries, and resources are privately owned
arid climate
subtype of the dry climates that is extremely and little or no vegetation cover.
shintoism
japan's main religion
monotheism
belief in one God
summer solstice
the north hemisphere receives the most amount of sunlight starting on June 21st. The days are longer. The south hemisphere is getting small amount of sunlight on June 21st; the days are short
life expectancy
how long people live
universalizing religions
seeks followers from all over the world
Buddhism
founded by Siddahartha Gautama, later known as Buddha; he believed in peace; also believed in helping others
literacy rate
the percentage of people who can read and write.
polytheistic religions
religion in which there is a belief in many gods.
fall equinox
in the northern hemisphere the fall equinox begins on september 21st; start of spring for south hemisphere. In the north hemisphere days will get shorter and temperatures will decrease; opposite for south hemisphere.
tropical climate
close to equator; warm and rainy (rain may seasonal)
infant mortality rate
how many infants die from birth to 1 year.
demography
helps us decide where to build buisnesses, schools, etc.
tundra climate
long winters, above freezing only in summer; most soil is permantaly frozen called permafrost
deforestation
destruction or loss of forests
population density
the average amount of people living in a given area
communism
the government owns and controls almost all the means of production. There is no such thing as private property.
capitilism
buisnesses, industries, and resources are privately owned
Hinduism
originated in northeastern India; father of Hinduism is Mahavira; the cow is illegal to kill
standard of living
measured by factors like personal income, levels of education, and food consumption.
watershed
the entire region drained by a river and it's tributaries
nagasaki
one of the two cities bombed during WWII by the U.S.
samurai
professional Japanese warrior employed by a shogun for protection
semiarid climate
transition between arid and humid climates
crust
the top layer of the mantle at about 25 miles thick
earthquake
sudden shaking of the earth's crust
sea floor spreading
lava rises causing crust to push apart, creating young volcanic ridges in the ocean
plate tectonics
the idea that the earth is divided into slow moving plates (less than one inch a year)
DMZ
a buffer zone into which opposing armies may not enter.
hiroshima
one of the two cities bombed during WWII by the U.S.
irrigation
a process in which water is artificially supplied to the land.
rifts
places on earth's surface where the crust streches until it breaks
prime meridan
divides the east and west hemispheres
humid continental climate
interiors of East Coast upper middle latitude climates; invasion of both cold and warm air affect these areas; 4 distinct seasons; much rain and snow
mediterranean climate
found in coastal areas of southern europe off to the west coast with cool climates.
export economy
a type of economy in which it's goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use
great leap forward
an attempt to industrialize China
Chernobyl
nuclear power plant that had a complete meltdown in 1980; the incident took place just north of Kiev
communist economy
an economic system in which almost everything is owned by the government

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