geography semester 1
Terms
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- industrialization
- the process by which manufacturing based on machine power becomes widespread in an area.
- north hemisphere
- the half of the world lying to the north of the equator
- Vladimir Lenin
- leader of the communist party in Russia that took over Russia
- subsistence economy
- farming in which food is produced by a family just for it's own need.
- humid subtropical climate
- humid subtropical climates are characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to mild winters
- monotheistic religions
- belief in one god
- east hemisphere
- the half of the world lying to the east of the prime meridian
- secondary sector
- use raw materials to produce or manufacture something new
- pangaea
- a supercontinent 200 million years ago before the continents broke off
- winter solstice
- begins on Dec. 21st in northern hemisphere; northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, so it's the coldest time of the year
- shoguns
- a powerful warlord in early Japan
- tsunami
- a huge destructive wave
- sediment depoisited landforms
- sand dunes or floodplains
- tertiary sector
- provides services to people
- dali llama
- religious leader of the Tibetans
- Communist Manifesto
- a book written by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels; a history of the world; they claimed that up to the 19th century the world was ruled by the Bourgeoisie(The Haves) and the Proletariat(The Have- Nots); but eventually the Have- Nots would get tired of being pushed around and overthrow the Haves; they would then set up a government in which everyone was equal/.
- ainu
- the first people in Japan
- Judaism
- a religion that is all over the world; originated in Ur; beleive that the messiah will come and save them; father of Judaism is Abraham
- map projections
- different ways of presenting the earth on flat maps
- west hemisphere
- the half of the world lying to the west of the prime meridian
- daimyo
- wealthy landlords in early Japan
- globalization
- making cultural connections around the world
- marine west coast climate
- influenced by oceans; found on west coast of continents in upper middle latitudes; mild temperatures; summers warm and sunny; winters foggy, cloudy, and rainy.
- soviets
- local governing body of the Soviet Union
- natural resources
- materials that come from the earth that humans use to survive and are non- renewable
- Cold War
- the space, nuclear, and arms race between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1945- 1991).
- water cycle
- when water evaporates into vapor, cools and forms tiny droplets called condensation or clouds which become rain drops and fall to the earth or freeze then fall
- primary sector
- use natural resources directly
- quaternary sector
- process and distributes information
- Confucianism
- founded by Confucious; beleived in education; came up with lots of proverbs; didn't beleive it was a religion
- typhoon
- a hurricane in the Pacific Ocean
- core
- inner part of earth; very hot due to pressure.
- compass rose
- a circle on a chart indicating the direction of geographic north and sometimes magnetic north.
- culture traits
- activities and behaviors that people often take part in
- polytheism
- belief in multiple Gods
- Mao Zedong
- led the communist party to power in China
- great circle route
- the shortest route between any two places
- acculturation
- when individuals adopt traits of other cultures
- mantle
- has most of the earth's mass (1,800 miles).
- economy
- all resources bought, sold, traded, used, and not used for a particular region
- atmosphere
- gases that surround the earth, held in by gravity. (nitrogen 78%, 21% oxygen.)
- tropical wet and dry
- north and south to the tropical humid climates. they have heavy rainfall during summer. during the winter they have a dry season. they both have seasonal rainfall.
- south hemisphere
- the half of the world lying to the south of the equator
- spring equinox
- in the northern hemisphere the spring equinox begins on march 21st. In the north hemisphere days will increase and temperature will increase. Opposite for south hemisphere.
- lakes
- inland bodies of water
- subartic climate
- a climate found north of the humid continental climate and south of the polar climate
- equator
- divides the north and south hemispheres
- Joeseph Stalin
- one of the world's worst leaders ever; tool over Russia when Lenin died; is infamous for creating the seris of 5 year plans that supposed to show how much industry the U.S.S.R. would have
- Islam
- originated in Mecca; Muhammad is father of faith; believes Jesus was a great prophet
- hydrologic cycle
- the movement of water through the hydrosphere
- capitilast economy
- an economic system in which buisnesses, industries, and resources are privately owned
- arid climate
- subtype of the dry climates that is extremely and little or no vegetation cover.
- shintoism
- japan's main religion
- monotheism
- belief in one God
- summer solstice
- the north hemisphere receives the most amount of sunlight starting on June 21st. The days are longer. The south hemisphere is getting small amount of sunlight on June 21st; the days are short
- life expectancy
- how long people live
- universalizing religions
- seeks followers from all over the world
- Buddhism
- founded by Siddahartha Gautama, later known as Buddha; he believed in peace; also believed in helping others
- literacy rate
- the percentage of people who can read and write.
- polytheistic religions
- religion in which there is a belief in many gods.
- fall equinox
- in the northern hemisphere the fall equinox begins on september 21st; start of spring for south hemisphere. In the north hemisphere days will get shorter and temperatures will decrease; opposite for south hemisphere.
- tropical climate
- close to equator; warm and rainy (rain may seasonal)
- infant mortality rate
- how many infants die from birth to 1 year.
- demography
- helps us decide where to build buisnesses, schools, etc.
- tundra climate
- long winters, above freezing only in summer; most soil is permantaly frozen called permafrost
- deforestation
- destruction or loss of forests
- population density
- the average amount of people living in a given area
- communism
- the government owns and controls almost all the means of production. There is no such thing as private property.
- capitilism
- buisnesses, industries, and resources are privately owned
- Hinduism
- originated in northeastern India; father of Hinduism is Mahavira; the cow is illegal to kill
- standard of living
- measured by factors like personal income, levels of education, and food consumption.
- watershed
- the entire region drained by a river and it's tributaries
- nagasaki
- one of the two cities bombed during WWII by the U.S.
- samurai
- professional Japanese warrior employed by a shogun for protection
- semiarid climate
- transition between arid and humid climates
- crust
- the top layer of the mantle at about 25 miles thick
- earthquake
- sudden shaking of the earth's crust
- sea floor spreading
- lava rises causing crust to push apart, creating young volcanic ridges in the ocean
- plate tectonics
- the idea that the earth is divided into slow moving plates (less than one inch a year)
- DMZ
- a buffer zone into which opposing armies may not enter.
- hiroshima
- one of the two cities bombed during WWII by the U.S.
- irrigation
- a process in which water is artificially supplied to the land.
- rifts
- places on earth's surface where the crust streches until it breaks
- prime meridan
- divides the east and west hemispheres
- humid continental climate
- interiors of East Coast upper middle latitude climates; invasion of both cold and warm air affect these areas; 4 distinct seasons; much rain and snow
- mediterranean climate
- found in coastal areas of southern europe off to the west coast with cool climates.
- export economy
- a type of economy in which it's goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use
- great leap forward
- an attempt to industrialize China
- Chernobyl
- nuclear power plant that had a complete meltdown in 1980; the incident took place just north of Kiev
- communist economy
- an economic system in which almost everything is owned by the government