World Cultures Final 1 review
Terms
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- Geography
- the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they are related to each other
- exports
- goods sent to market outside a country
- imports
- goods brought into a country
- interdependence
- dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world
- map projections
- ways of showing the curved earth on a flat surface
- topography
- physical features of a place or region
- elevation
- height above sea level
- culture
- all things that make up a people's entire way of life
- nuclear family
- wife, husband, and their children
- extended family
- several generations living in one household
- monotheism
- worship of one god
- polytheism
- worship of more than one god
- democracy
- people have supreme power
- republic
- the people choose the leaders who represent them
- dictatorship
- ruler or group holds power by force
- Traditional Economy
- people produce most of what they need to survive
- Market Economy
- individuals answer the basic economic questions by buying and selling goods and services
- Command Economy
- the government controls what goods are produced, how they are produced, and what they cost
- Mixed Economy
- individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes other
- technology
- the skills and tools a people use
- diffusion
- the movement of customs or ideas from one place to another
- subculture
- a group of people within a society who share certain beliefs, values, and customs
- ethnocentrism
- judge other cultures by the standards of their own culture
- racism
- the belief that one racial froup is naturally superior to another
- nomads
- people who were able to hunt larger animals such as mammoths and bison
- civilization
- a highly organized group of people with their own language and ways of living
- archaeologist
- scientist who study the objects left early people
- artisans
- skilled craftworkers
- capital
- money that can be invested in buisness ventures for the purpose of makeing a profit
- entrepreneurs
- people who risked their money to set up businesses in order to make a profit
- urbanization
- the growth of cities
- imperialism
- the control by one country of the political economic or cultural life of another country or region
- westernization
- adoption fo western culture
- nationalism
- pride in and loyalty to one's country
- cash crops
- crops that can be sold on the world market
- modernization
- changes in a nation that enable it to set up a stable government and produce a high level of goods and services
- tariff
- a tax on imported goods
- privatization
- selling state-owned industries to private investors
- literacy
- the ability to read and write
- population explosion
- large increase in population due to the availibility of better health care
- population density
- the average number of people living in an area of a specific size
- United Nations
- member nations promised to preserve world peace and to cooperate in solving global social and economic problems
- refugees
- person who flees his or her homeland to seek safety elsewhere
- escarpments
- steep cliffs
- cataracts
- large waterfalls
- drought
- prolonged periods of little or no rainfall
- desertification
- turning of semidesert land into desert
- pharaohs
- rulers of ancient Egypt
- hieroglyphics
- the egyptian form fo writting
- lineage
- a group fo distant kin would trace their descent back to a common ancestor
- consensus
- a common agreement
- subsistence farming
- producing enough for their own needs with little or no surplus
- polygamy
- the practice of having more than one spouse
- bride wealth
- a valuable gift to the brides family
- jihad
- a holy war
- Atlantic Slave Trade
- the hight of the slave trade in 1700s the route taken across the Atlantic ocean
- abolition
- the movement to end slavery
- diaspora
- the scattering of people
- negritude
- African movement led by the Senegalese poet Leopold Sedar Seghor in 1930s
- Leopold Sedar Senghor
- leader of the African Negritude movement
- elite
- small group of people with high social status
- Afican Nationalism
- the feeling of layalty to Africa
- Pan-Africanism
- the unifying of Africa
- guerilla warfare
- small bands of fighters stage hit-and-run attacks against a larger power
- one-party-rule
- having one political party
- democraziation
- accepting many political parties
- African Socialism
- african government owns and opperates mabusinesses
- most afican nations have what type of economy?
- mixed
- shantytown
- a small town far outside of a city
- ethnicity
- attachment to one's own ethnic group
- economic sanctions
- stopping trade with a country
- non-alignment
- staying in the middle of a war
- apartheid
- rigid speration of races
- Seoul
- capital of South Korea
- homogenous
- people share a common ethnic and cultural background
- Pyongyang
- capital of North Korea
- annex
- add territory to one's own country
- armistice
- truce or agreement to end fighting
- isolation
- avoiding foreign involvements and contacts
- peninsula
- series fo islands
- loess
- the name for the sand at the bottom of the yellow sea
- dynastic cycle
- the rise and fall of ruling families
- filial piety
- duty to respect that children owe their parents
- Mandate of Heaven
- a mandate given to the ruler that could be taken away if the ruler did something wrong
- Confucianism
- five relationships that would keep a society together
- Daoism
- live the natrual way
- Legalism
- believed that people only did things in self intrest
- gentry
- wealthy land-owners who had been educated iin the confucian classics
- Taiping Rebellion
- peasant up rising in 1851 lasted 14 years
- Boxer Rebellion
- chinese who didn't want foreigners in China attacked chinese christians and foreigners
- kowtow
- bow low
- extraterritoriality
- westerners accused of a crime in china could be tried in their own courts instead of Chinese courts
- sphere of influencwe
- an area in which a foreign nation has special economic privilages
- Three Principles of the People
-
1. Called for nationalism
2. supported Democracy
3. Livelihood - Dr. Sun Yatsen
- president of the new republic party
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- person who brought china under the control of the nationalist
- Mao Zedong
- Leader of the communist party