Geography 3.7
Terms
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- International Monetary Fund
- An international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments. It is an organization formed with a stated objective of stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development.[3] It also offers highly leveraged loans mainly to poorer countries.
- Maquiladores
- A factory that imports materials and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and then re-exports the assembled product, usually back to the originating country.
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- According to its statutes, one of the principal goals is the determination of the best means for safeguarding the cartel\'s interests, individually and collectively. It also pursues ways and means of ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets with a view to eliminating harmful and unnecessary fluctuations; giving due regard at all times to the interests of the producing nations and to the necessity of securing a steady income to the producing countries; an efficient and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations, and a fair return on their capital to those investing in the petroleum industry
- Neo-liberalism
- seeks to transfer part of the control of the economy from public to the private sector,[3] under the belief that it will produce a more efficient government and improve the economic indicators of the nation.
- Swidden/Shifting agriculture
- an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned.
- Pastoral nomadism
- a form of agriculture where livestock are herded either seasonally or continuously in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze.
- 4. What threats do both shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism face from the expansion of modern agricultural practices?
- Being replaced by agribusiness which is more profitable. Cannot compete in a global perspective.
- Main Points of Oil Curse
- -Splintering urbanism (post-fordism= state helps corporations and not the poor). -no transparency= citizens do not receive benefit from having the company their -gap between rich and poor widens. -turn damage liability over to the government so they don\'t have to pay (subsidies). -moral questions -can\'t sue a TNC for things they did in foreign countries--Now you can!
- Precursor to globalization
- -long distance trading networks -European colonialism -11800\'s emergence of internationalism
- How globalization has changed in scope:
- -faster communication and transportation -more complex relationships -affects larger segments of society
- Supernational Organizations
- \"Borderless\" World or the end of Nation State (UN, NATO, etc).
- Ethnic Separatism
- Rise of religous fundamentalisms -Break down of Soviet Union
- Global Production
- -transnational corporations -decentralized industry -global division of labor
- Global Networks
- -containerized shipping -cyberspacce
- Global Markets
- -rise of consumer society -specialization of product
- Global Finance
- -global banking -remittances
- One world Culture?
- -de-territorialization of identity -global cities -globalization as Americanization -One world Culture?
- Multi-cultural world?
- -radicalizing cultures -growing inequalities -marketing culture
- Effects of Globalization
- -Weakening of individual states -open borders -spread democracy? -international mass migration of labor -urbanization -growth of corporate powers -demise of socialism -rise of pop culture -decline of folk culture -spread of religions and demise of smaller ones -spread of languages and demise of less used ones -agribusiness -spread green revolution -Accelerated resource exploitation and habitat damage -Growth of corporate power -Privatization of public space -Increased connections between places -Growing consumerism -Explosion of high technology -Placelessness (?)