Geography 2051 2
Terms
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- how much of the earth is covered by water?
- ~3/4
- ocean currents
- gyres
- surface currents
- fast
- deep currents
- slow
- concentration of dissolved solids
- salinity
- average salinity of the ocean
- 35 ppt
- as the temperature of the water decreases, the salinity...
- decreases and sinks
- as depth increases, temperature...
- decreases
- as depth increases, salinity...
- decreases
- as depth increases, oxygen...
- decreases
- as depth increases, carbon dioxide...
- increases
- 4 factors why the sea levels change constantly
- tides, waves, currents, weather
- calculated from average tidal levels obtained from a large number of gauges
- mean sea level
- 2 reasons why the sea level has been rising
- melting of ice and thermal expansion
- the change in sea level due to a larger volume of water
- eustatic rise
- what we can actually observe, the relative rise/drop compared to the coast
- relative sea level
- the upward/downward movement of the crust based on weight; like a cork bobbing on water; controls relative sea level
- isostacy
- the median value of the sea level
- .48 m
- what 2 things control tides?
- moon and sun
- moon and sun additive effects
- large tides
- moon and sun subtractive effects
- small tides
- 2 high, 2 low per day; atlantic coast
- semi-diurnal tides
- 1 high, 1 low per day; gulf coast
- diurnal tides
- random high and low tides; pacific coast
- mixed tides
- water goes inland
- flood tide
- water goes out
- ebb tide
- difference in elevation between high and low tides
- tidal range
- where does friction begin?
- wavelength/2
- swash zone
- surf
- wave approaches shore at an angle; closest part hits shallow water first then slows down; wave approaches shore at lower angle
- wave refraction
- beach type; short and steep
- reflective
- beach type; long, flatter, bars
- dissipative
- generally results from position on tectonic plates; gulf and atlantic coasts
- depositional coast