GPSYC - Ch. 8
Terms
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- thinking skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences
- intelligence
- an individual's level of mental development relative to others.
- mental age (MA)
- an individual's mental age divided by 100; devised in 1912 by William Stern.
- intelligence quotient (IQ)
- Spearman's theory that individuals have both general intelligence, which he called g, and a number of specific intelligences, referred to as s.
- two-factor theory
- a statistical procedure that correlates test scores to identify underlying clusters, or factors.
- factor analysis
- L. L. Thurstone's theory that intelligence consists of seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, number ability, word fluency, spatial visualization, associative memory, reasoning, and perceptual speed.
- multiple-factor theory
- Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of compotential intelligence, experiential intelligence, and contextual intelligence.
- triarchic theory of intelligence
- the ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others.
- emotional intelligence
- the fraction of the variance in a population that is attributed to genetics.
- heritability
- an overall developmental score that combines subscores on motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants.
- developmental quotient (DQ)
- Developed by Nancy Bayley, these scales are widely used in assessing infant development.
- Bayley Scales of Infant Development
- accumulated information and verbal skills, which increase with age, according to Horn.
- crystallized intelligence
- the ability to reason abstractly, which steadily declines from middle adulthood on , according to Horn.
- fluid intelligence
- a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to everyday life; and (3) has an onset of these characteristics by age 18.
- mental retardation
- having high intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) or superior talent for something.
- gifted
- the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems.
- creativity
- thinking that produces many answers to the same question; characteristic of creativity
- divergent thinking
- thinking that produces one correct answer; characteristic of the kind of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests.
- convergent thinking